JIN, Jungwon (September 2010). "Standing in the Gap of Society: Korean Prostitutes in Colonial Taiwan" (PDF). Taiwan Historical Research. 17 (3): 107–149. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2017. Alt URL

http://www.ith.sinica.edu.tw/quarterly_download.php?name=03+%E9%99%B3%E5%A7%83%E6%B9%B23%E6%A0%A1%E6%B8%85%E6%A8%A3+43.pdf&filename=12889484631.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20150518083932/http://www.ith.sinica.edu.tw/quarterly_download.php?name=03+%E9%99%B3%E5%A7%83%E6%B9%B23%E6%A0%A1%E6%B8%85%E6%A8%A3+43.pdf&filename=12889484631.pdf

http://tao.wordpedia.com/show_pdf.ashx?sess=x0dvc1552mzevwn1puxh4cnc&file_name=JO00000369_17-3_107-149&file_type=r

http://web.archive.org/web/20201118223441/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AWlteclN6IIAJ%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fshanghaiist.com%2F2012%2F12%2F11%2Fkorean_prostitutes_overrun_the_taip%2F&strip=1&vwsrc=0

Macau

https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2015/02/116_171925.html

http://macaudailytimes.com.mo/files/pdf2015/2295-2015-04-21.pdf

http://macaudailytimes.com.mo/crime-police-bust-large-korean-prostitution-ring.html

http://www.rokitreports.com/the-sex-industry-in-korea/south-korean-prostitution-ring-busted-in-macau/

https://news.naver.com/main/hotissue/read.nhn?mid=hot&sid1=102&cid=1011835&iid=3470145&oid=008&aid=0003529612&ptype=021

China, Taiwan

http://web.archive.org/web/20080705160321/http://www.rjkoehler.com/2005/01/11/taiwanese-se-asian-men-riding-the-korean-wave/

http://j2k.naver.com/j2k.php/japan/news.naver.com/news/read.php?mode=LSD&office_id=022&article_id=0000074164%C2%A7ion_id=102&menu_id=102

http://society3.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/korea/1105447566/

https://tv6.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/celebrity/1106735736/

https://itest.5ch.net/society3/test/read.cgi/korea/1104777943/

http://society3.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/korea/1105447566/?v=pc

http://mimizun.com/log/2ch/celebrity/1106735736/

Malaysia

https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/01/14/health-spa-offers-wellendowed-prostitutes-at-premium-prices

https://www.pressreader.com/malaysia/the-star-malaysia/20130114/281758446643195

North Koreans

http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Some-60-per-cent-of-North-Korean-women-who-fled-to-China-are-victims-of-sexual-exploitation-47067.html

https://www.wsj.com/articles/like-escaping-into-the-desert-more-women-forced-into-sex-trade-when-fleeing-north-korea-11558339202

https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/world/n-korean-women-forced-into-sex-slavery/ar-AABO3fZ?li=AAaD1A0&%25252525252525253Bocid=mailsignoutmd

https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Lives_for_Sale.pdf

Russia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDfYbFTfINA&feature=emb_title

https://twitter.com/beetle_mimic/status/1360476689436790785

Korean comfort women are not prostitutes? South Korean lawmaker Kim Ogi said, “Korean women doing expeditionary prostitution abroad is 50,000 in Japan, 2,500 in Australia, 250 in Guam, and 100,000 in New Zealand, China and Hong Kong" #JohnMarkRamseyer

韓国で遠征売春が横行する理由男女賃金格差が大きい経済的な困窮

韓国で「遠征売春」が横行する背景には、経済的な困窮があるという。青年失業率は2012年から右肩上がりで、日本の倍以上だと筆者。また、男女賃金格差は36％で、経済協力開発機構加盟国の中で最大だとした

news.livedoor.com

https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/13443038/

https://twitter.com/HopClear/status/1371492619411283970

Queens couple accused of sex trafficking South Korean women

Queens couple accused of forcing South Korean women into sex work

A couple in Queens, New York has been charged with multiple counts of sex trafficking for allegedly forcing two women from South Korea into prostitution. According to the Daily News, wife and...

hopclear.com

https://hopclear.com/queens-couple-accused-of-forcing-south-korean-women-into-sex-work/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choo_Ja-hyun

Choo Ja-hyun (born Choo Eun-joo on January 20, 1979) is a South Korean actress. Best known in Korea for the films Bloody Tie (2006) and Portrait of a Beauty (2008), Choo has mostly worked in mainland China since 2007, notably in television drama The Temptation to Go Home (2011).[2]

Choo announced on November 30, 2016 that she would be marrying Chinese actor and singer Yu Xiaoguang in 2017. Her management agency said that the families of the two recently met and discussed how to prepare for the wedding. The actress first revealed their romantic relationship through Chinese social media site Weibo in September 2015. They first met while appearing in a Chinese drama in 2012.[29] They married on January 18, 2017.

On June 1, 2018, Chu Ja-hyun gave birth to a boy at a hospital in Seoul, South Korea.[30][31][32][33]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chae_Rim

Park Chae-rim (Korean: 박채림; born March 28, 1979),[2] known by the mononym Chae Rim, is a South Korean actress who debuted in 1994. She has starred in Korean dramas including All About Eve (2000), Dal-ja's Spring (2007), and Oh! My Lady (2010).[3]

Chae Rim married singer Lee Seung-hwan (14 years her senior) on May 24, 2003.[7] On March 31, 2006, Lee's agency Cloud Fish released news of the couple's divorce, stating that due to personality differences, the couple had been separated since December 2005. In March 2014, she acknowledged that she is dating Chinese actor Gao Ziqi.[8] Gao and Chae Rim were married in China on October 14, 2014.[9] before divorced in 2020 after six years of marriage [10]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soon-Yi_Previn

Soon-Yi Previn (/ˈprɛvɪn/; born c. October 8, 1970) is the adopted daughter of actress Mia Farrow and musician André Previn, and the wife of filmmaker Woody Allen. Soon-Yi Previn is notable for her relationship with Allen, who was her mother's boyfriend for over 10 years. Previn's relationship with Allen became national news in 1992.

Soon-Yi Previn (original name Oh Soon Hee) was born in South Korea. She was found in Seoul on February 12, 1976, as an abandoned child. She was placed temporarily in Maria's House, a local institution for abandoned children, while an effort was made to identify and locate her parents and relatives. When the search failed, she was transferred to St. Paul's Orphanage. The Seoul Family Court established a Family Census Register (legal birth document) on her behalf on December 28, 1976, with a presumptive birth date of October 8, 1970.[1][2][3][4] Previn has said that as a young child, she wandered the streets of Seoul starving and living out of trash cans.[5]

https://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2014/02/14/Chinese-curler-Xu-Xiaoming-roots-against-wife-South-Korean-curler-Kim-Ji-sun-at-Olympics/8871392398591/

Chinese curler Xu Xiaoming roots against wife, South Korean curler Kim Ji-sun, at Olympics

ByEvan Bleier

"Through curling we have a lot of interaction with the Chinese female team, so I would be very happy if they won," he says.

SOCHI, Russia, Feb. 14 (UPI) -- Married Olympic curlers Xu Xiaoming and Kim Ji-sun are lucky enough to both be in Sochi and have the opportunity to spend Valentine’s Day together.

There’s just one problem:

Xu is on the Chinese team and Kim is on the South Korean squad.

Kim and Xu married in May after meeting on a Chinese curling rink in 2007, and this is the first Valentine’s Day they will have the chance to spend time together as a married couple.

Unfortunately, Kim’s South Korean women’s team took on China on Friday and Xu said he was going to be rooting for his homeland.

“I think the Chinese team is very strong,” he said, according to the Washington Post. “Through curling we have a lot of interaction with the Chinese female team, so I would be very happy if they won.”

In this regard, Kim clearly is Xu’s better half.

“Of course I would cheer for the Korean team because those are my countrymen,” Kim said. “But I would at the same time be cheering for China because that is my husband. In the end, I would hope for my husband that he would win.”

If they have a couch, Xu might find himself sleeping on it after China defeated Kim’s team 11-3 on Friday.

[Washington Post] [Sochi 2014]

https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/olympics-fourth-place-medal/chinese-curler-rooting-for-country-against-his-south-korean-wife-on-valentine-s-day-225736145.html

Chinese curler rooting for country against his South Korean wife on Valentine's Day

Ben Rohrbach

February 13, 2014

Any husband who fails to pick up flowers on his way home for Valentine's Day can now point to Chinese curler Xu Xiaoming to put his absentmindedness in perspective. For Xu may be the least romantic of all.

Xu is a member of China's 4-0 men's curling team, and his wife of nine months, Kim Ji-sun, captains South Korea's women's team. Friday will mark their first Valentine's Day as a married couple. Kim's Facebook photo reportedly portrays the two canoodling on the ice together in their respective uniforms. That's where the romance between the two ends and a love for country takes over — at least from Xu's perspective.

According to the Washington Post, Xu will be openly rooting against his wife on Valentine's Day, instead cheering on the Chinese women against Kim's South Korean squad. Both teams enter Day 7 of the Sochi Olympics with a 2-2 record, so there could very well be medal implications on the line.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/will-country-come-before-love-for-these-two-curlers-on-valentines-day/2014/02/13/184ad748-94cc-11e3-b46a-5a3d0d2130da_story.html

Winter Olympics meets Valentine's Day: Curlers from South Korea and China Kim Ji-sun and Xu Xiaoming. Kim Ji-sun is a South Korean curler and she was captain of the 2014 South Korean Olympic curling team. She married Chinese curler Xu Xiaoming in November

https://imgur.com/r/EasternSunRising/m3Byu2i

https://www.reddit.com/r/Sino/comments/7xoeye/winter_olympics_meets_valentines_day_curlers_from/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/will-country-come-before-love-for-these-two-curlers-on-valentines-day/2014/02/13/184ad748-94cc-11e3-b46a-5a3d0d2130da_story.html

Olympics

Will country come before love for two Olympic curlers on Valentine’s Day?

By Mike Wise

February 13, 2014

SOCHI, Russia — COLUMN | It was hours from Valentine’s Day here, an expected day of love, romance, devotion and loyalty at the Sochi Games.

Well, unless you are Chinese curler Xu Xiaoming. Then you roll a big, fat rock to knock love, devotion and loyalty out of the concentric circles of living happily ever after — while killing any chance of romance or remotely hooking up.

You forget the flowers and candy to essentially forgo your sacred covenant with your betrothed for rampant nationalism and being a deadbeat husband.

I am not saying Xu is the worst spouse in Olympic history. I’m just saying that after Friday, Jeff Gillooly, Tonya Harding’s ex who conspired to whack Nancy Kerrigan on the knee, will be No. 2.

If you didn’t already know, Xu, the third-stone thrower for China’s unbeaten curling team here in Sochi — (I know what you’re thinking: “What’s a third-stone thrower?” I can’t tell you, so just go with it) — is married to a sweet, beautiful woman who unconditionally loves and supports him.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/valentines-day-olympics-curling-couple-xu-xiaoming-kim-ji-sun_n_4788865

Valentine’s Day At The Olympics Will See One Curling Couple Cheering Against Each Other

It’s going to be quite the unconventional Valentine’s Day at the Olympics for one curling couple in Sochi.

While South Korean curler Kim Ji-Sun leads her team in competition against the Chinese women, her husband, Xu Xiaoming, a member of the Chinese men’s curling team, will be cheering on his wife’s opponents. Awkward!

Though the two met on the ice in 2007 and reportedly married last May, both Kim and Xu are loyal to their countries.

korean chinese curling married

Korea's 'Garlic Girl' curling champion marries skating coach

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Jul 8, 2018 — Kim Eun-jung, the captain and the skip of the Korean women's Olympic curling team, tied the knot on Saturday. The wedding was held in ...

Kim Eun-jung (curler) - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Kim_Eun-jung_(curler)

Kim graduated from Uiseong Girls' High School, which has produced many talented curlers in educational cooperation with the Uiseong Curling Center. She also graduated from Daegu University. She married in the summer of 2018.

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Feb 14, 2014 — This Valentine's Day, Chinese curler Xu Xiaoming roots against his wife, ... 14 (UPI) -- Married Olympic curlers Xu Xiaoming and Kim Ji-sun are ...

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Feb 13, 2014 — Xu is a member of China's 4-0 men's curling team, and his wife of ... Korea's women's team, and Friday will mark their first as a married couple.

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Dec 1, 2020 — On Monday, the Korean Curling Federation (KCF) sanctioned former ... Kim team at both Curling World Cup legs in Suzhou, China and Omaha, ... Kim was married in July and “plans for pregnancy sometime in the near future.

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Feb 13, 2014 — A Chinese curler chooses country over his South Korean wife -- which ... This will be their first Valentine's Day together as a married couple.

Winter Olympics meets Valentine's Day: Curlers from ... - Reddit

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Kim Ji-sun is a South Korean curler and she was captain of the 2014 South Korean Olympic curling team. She married Chinese curler Xu Xiaoming in November ...

Winter Olympics meets Valentine's Day: Curlers from ... - Imgur

imgur.com › EasternSunRising

Feb 14, 2018 — Kim Ji-sun is a South Korean curler and she was captain of the 2014 South Korean Olympic curling team. She married Chinese curler Xu ...

Valentine's Day At The Olympics Will See One Curling Couple ...

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QR code for Women in Korean History 한국 역사 속의 여성들

Title	Women in Korean History 한국 역사 속의 여성들
Author	Pae-yong Yi
Editor	Ted Chan
Edition	illustrated
Publisher	Ewha Womans University Press, 2008
ISBN	8973007726, 9788973007721
Length	319 pages

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https://books.google.com.au/books?id=To5OA8ZOEdYC&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q&f=false

Sexual Inequalities and Social Justice edited by Niels Teunis, Gilbert H. Herdt, Richard Parker

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Title	Sexual Inequalities and Social Justice
Editors	Niels Teunis, Gilbert H. Herdt, Richard Parker
Contributors	Niels Teunis, Gilbert H. Herdt, Richard Parker
Edition	annotated
Publisher	University of California Press, 2007
ISBN	0520246152, 9780520246157
Length	264 pages
Subjects	Social Science › Anthropology › General PSYCHOLOGY / Human Sexuality Psychology / General SELF-HELP / Sexual Instruction SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social Social Science / Anthropology / General Social Science / Discrimination & Race Relations Social Science / Gender Studies Social Science / Sociology / General

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Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II ...

By Toshiyuki Tanaka, Yuki Tanaka

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Title	Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occupation Volume 3 of Asia's transformations Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occupation, Toshiyuki Tanaka Routledge studies in Asia's transformations
Authors	Toshiyuki Tanaka, Yuki Tanaka
Editor	Routledge
Edition	illustrated, reprint
Publisher	Psychology Press, 2002
ISBN	0415194008, 9780415194006
Length	212 pages
Subjects	History › Asia › Japan History / Asia / Japan History / Military / World War II Social Science / Women's Studies

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Title	Japan's Comfort Women
Author	Yuki Tanaka
Publisher	Routledge, 2003
ISBN	1134650124, 9781134650125
Length	232 pages
Subjects	Social Science › Ethnic Studies › General Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General Social Science / Regional Studies

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Ethnicity in Asia

By Colin (Griffith University Mackerras, Australia)

Bibliographic information

Title	Ethnicity in Asia Asia's transformations Routledge studies in Asia's transformations
Author	Colin (Griffith University Mackerras, Australia)
Editor	Colin Mackerras
Contributor	Ebooks Corporation
Edition	illustrated, annotated
Publisher	Psychology Press, 2003
ISBN	0415258162, 9780415258166
Length	232 pages
Subjects	History › Asia › General History / Asia / General

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https://apjjf.org/-Rowena-Ward/2374/article.html

"Left Behind: Japan's Wartime Defeat and the Stranded Women of Manchukuo". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. Retrieved 17 November 2020.

DORGON

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~qing/WEB/DORGON.html

Early in 1648 Dorgon was excused from prostrating himself before the emperor at audiences. Late in 1648 (or early in 1649) he was granted the title of Imperial Father Regent （皇父攝政王). In 1649 he went personally to direct the siege of Ta-t'ung, Shansi, where a general had rebelled (see under Chiang Hsiang). Early in 1650 his wife died and he married the widow of Haoge, his nephew. He ordered the king of Korea to send princesses to be his concubines, and planned to build a palace and a city in the southern part of Jehol where he hoped to retire as a feudal lord with the bondsmen of the two White Banners as his subjects. Entrusting minor governmental affairs to his henchmen, Bolo, Nikan, and Mandahai [qq. v.], he gave himself up to the pursuit of pleasure. Although indisposed at the time, he went to Jehol, late in 1650, on a hunting trip. Being constitutionally weak, he died on the last day of the year at Kharahotun 喀喇和屯成 near the Great Wall, aged only thirty-nine (sui). Ten days later he was posthumously honored as an emperor, was given the temple name Ch'êng-tsung 成宗 and was canonized as I Huang-ti 義皇帝f.

Hummel, edited by Arthur W. (1991). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing period : (1644 - 1912) (Repr. ed.). Taipei: SMC Publ. p. 217. ISBN 9789576380662.

https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8nXLwSG2O8AC

https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8nXLwSG2O8AC/page/n909/mode/2up

Jr, Frederic Wakeman (1985). The great enterprise : the Manchu reconstruction of imperial order in seventeenth-century China (Book on demand. ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 892. ISBN 9780520048041. dorgon korean princess.

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=AFtxAAAAMAAJ&q=and+for+the+first+seven+years+of+his+young+nephew%27s+reign+Dorgon+exercised+supreme+power+and+laid+the+firm+foundations+...+Power+seems+to+have+gone+to+his+head,+for+he+ordered+the+King+of+Korea+to+send+princesses+to+be+his+concubines+and+...

https://books.google.com/books?id=AFtxAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Power+seems+to+have+gone+to+his+head%2C+for+he+ordered+the+King+of+Korea+to+send+princesses+to+be+his+concubines+and%22

Page 306

Dawson, Raymond Stanley (1976). Imperial China (illustrated ed.). Penguin. p. 306.

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=H5AKAQAAIAAJ&q=dorgon+korean+princess

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=H5AKAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22+Power+seems+to+have+gone+to+his+head%2C+for+he+ordered+the+King+of+Korea+to+send+princesses+to+be+his+concubines+and%22

page 275

Raymond Stanley Dawson (1972). Imperial China. Hutchinson. p. 275. ISBN 9780091084806. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.

The annals of the Joseon princesses.

"The annals of the Joseon princesses. – the Gachon Herald".

http://www.gachonherald.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=32

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=IN42AAAAIAAJ&q=dorgon+korean+princess

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Page 105
Sino - Korean Royal Marriage in the Ch ' ing Period So - ja Choi Sino - Korean
Royal marriage had been continually ... That is the marriage between Princess I -
shunc E of Korea and Dorgon ( 3 ) who was Prince - Regent of Ch ' ing in 1650 .

Bibliographic information

Title	梨大史苑, Volume 7
Contributor	梨大史學會 (Korea)
Publisher	梨大史學會, 1968
Original from	the University of California
Digitized	Jun 22, 2007

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Li Ling (1995). Son of Heaven. Chinese Literature Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-7-5071-0288-8. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=ajcaAQAAIAAJ&q=dorgon+korean+princess

page 217

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Title	Son of Heaven Panda books
Author	Li Ling
Translated by	David Kwan
Publisher	Chinese Literature Press, 1995
ISBN	7507102882, 9787507102888
Length	672 pages

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Events That Formed the Modern World

edited by Frank W. Thackeray, John E. Findling

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QR code for Events That Formed the Modern World

Title	Events That Formed the Modern World Events that formed the modern world : from the European Renaissance through the War on Terror / Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, eds
Editors	Frank W. Thackeray, John E. Findling
Edition	illustrated
Publisher	ABC-CLIO, 2012
ISBN	1598849018, 9781598849011
Length	1912 pages
Subjects	History › World History / Civilization History / World

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https://books.google.com.au/books?id=YqNHAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22korea+to+send+princesses%22

page 217

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QR code for Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912)

Title	Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912), Volume 1
Editor	Arthur W. Hummel
Contributor	Library of Congress. Orientalia Division
Edition	reprint
Publisher	SMC Publishing Incorporated, 1991
ISBN	9576380669, 9789576380662
Length	1103 pages

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https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Hs8LhXwRqPgC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22korean+princess%22

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page 217

page 227

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QR code for Eminent Chinese of the Chʻing Period (1644-1912).

Title	Eminent Chinese of the Chʻing Period (1644-1912).
Author	Library of Congress. Orientalia Division
Editor	Arthur William Hummel
Edition	reprint
Publisher	Chʻeng Wen Publishing, 1970
Original from	the University of Michigan
Digitized	Jun 13, 2006
Length	1103 pages

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Title	清代名人傳略: 1644-1912 Volume 6 of Photo reprints of books on China
Author	Library of Congress. Orientalia Division
Editors	Library of Congress. Orientalia Division, Arthur William Hummel
Contributor	Library of Congress. Orientalia Division
Edition	reprint
Publisher	經文書局, 1943
Original from	the University of Michigan
Digitized	9 Jun 2006
Length	1103 pages

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The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order ..., Volume 1

By Frederic E. Wakeman

Bibliographic information

Title	The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China, Volume 1 Volume 2 of Great Enterprise The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China
Author	Frederic E. Wakeman
Edition	illustrated
Publisher	University of California Press, 1985
ISBN	0520048040, 9780520048041
Length	1337 pages
Subjects	History › Asia › China History / Asia / China

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Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle

By Shih-shan Henry Tsai

About the author (2011)

Shih-shan Henry Tsai is professor of history and director of Asian studies at the University of Arkansas. He is the author of four books, including Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty.

Bibliographic information

Title	Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle Donald R. Ellegood International Publications
Author	Shih-shan Henry Tsai
Publisher	University of Washington Press, 2011
ISBN	0295800224, 9780295800226
Length	286 pages
Subjects	Social Science › Ethnic Studies › Asian American Studies Social Science / Ethnic Studies / Asian American Studies Social Science / Minority Studies

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zhu zhi korean han hongwu prince of liao appendix

Hongwu Emperor - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Hongwu_Emperor

The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398) Zhu Yuanzhang was the founding ... His rebel force later joined the Red Turbans (then led by Han Shantong), a millenarian ... She was an ethnic Korean from Goryeo. Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao (遼簡王朱植; 24 March 1377 – 4 June 1424) (朱植), 15th ... "Appendix.

Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle

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appendix. The. Children. of. Emperor. Hongwu. sons Birth Order Title Name Mother 1 Crown Prince Zhu Biao Empress Ma 2 Prince of Qin ... concubine title) 15 Prince of Liao Zhu Zhi Mistress Han (Korean) 16 Prince of Qing Zhu Zhan Mistress ...

Shih-shan Henry Tsai · 2011 · ‎Social Science

Ming Taizu's Problem with His Sons: Prince Qin's ... - JStor

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and Korean women, and even a consort of his defeated nemesis Chen ... spring.) Shuang was invested as the prince of Qin by the emperor in. 1370 ... Cf. Wu Han Zhu Tuanzhang zhuan (Beijing: Sanlian shu- ... (Leiden: E J.Brill, 1995), appendix i. ... Qin dated September 1, 1378 (Hongwu 11/7/ 19), and preserved in Taizu.

by HOKLAM CHAN · ‎2007 · ‎Cited by 23 · ‎Related articles

The Chinggisid Fold (Chapter 9) - In the Shadow of the ...

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Oct 17, 2019 — Zhu Yuanzhang and his advisors invoked the Mongol empire's ... is of one of Zhu Yuanzhang's letters to Chinggisid noble, Ajashira, Prince of Liao. ... dictionary, the Hua Yi yi yu, completed late in the Hongwu reign. ... “Northern horsemen and the Han” is “the Mongols (Mongqol) and the Kitai (Khitad).

A Tough Crowd (Part III) - In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire

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For more than two decades, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote to the Great Khan. ... from Zhu Yuanzhang to several Mongolian leaders are preserved as an appendix to an ... The Great Prince and Heihan may have been envoys sent by the Yuan court to Zhang ... When your forefathers destroyed the Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties, they ...

IDEAS OF EMPIRE IN EARLY MING CHINA - D-Scholarship ...

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Aug 27, 2018 — EMPIRE FROM HAN TO SONG, SEDENTARY AND NOMADIC ...........40 ... recorded rhetoric of early Ming rulers, notably the Hongwu emperor, ... the coastal frontier in east China, Ming relations with Korea, or the ... subjects of her study in Unbounded Loyalty – the Liao Dynasty and ... 121 LS, appendix, p.

by C Eirkson · ‎2019 · ‎Cited by 1 · ‎Related articles

Translation of Empire - Research Explorer - The University of ...

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Appendix E: Prosopography of early Ming language mediators. 266 ... Bilingual edict to the prince of Lar (1453): date in Chinese and Mongolian. 99. 9 ... Wang Zhu 王洙, in his influential Songshi zhi 宋史質 [Verified Song. 18 ... Court: The Composition of the Liao, Chin, and Sung Histories,” in China under Mongol Rule, ed.

Cartography in Korea - University of Chicago Press

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large-format album of Korean cartography, Han'guk ko chido (Old Korean ... Choson, whose territory was limited to the eastern Liao- ... have contained maps, the Yudi zhi (Monograph on the ... the now lost Yutu (Terrestrial map, 1320) of Zhu Siben ... Chosonsa, 1939; reprinted Seoul: Kyong'in Munhwasa, 1969), appendix,.

24 Xu.pdf - ScholarSpace

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Territories ofSuzhou prefecture during the Eastern Han, Tang, Song, and Qing periods. ... Map of the city of Suzhou contained in the 1883 Suzhoufu zhi. Stability ofthe ... In the early summer ofSI5 B.C., during the reign ofKing Liao, a long premeditated palace coup brought to ... The Hongwu emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, sent a.

by Y Xu · ‎2000 · ‎Cited by 134 · ‎Related articles

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor

https://www.jstor.org/stable/41649928

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/in-the-shadow-of-the-mongol-empire/chinggisid-fold/820D4EB4A9707BA61136ABCF2E2DAFE3/core-reader

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Judith G. Smith, ‎Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) · 2001 · ‎No preview

Explore the rich artistic heritage of Korea: a blend of native tradition, foreign infusions, and sophisticated technical skill.

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zhu zhi prince of liao

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Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire

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John W. Dardess · 2012

FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 32

to put an end to the awkward system of armed princedoms headed by the founder's sons and placed at strategic locations along the ... Zhu Zhi, Prince of Liao, was called back to Nanjing from his recently fortified base at Guangning in southern ...

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The Ming Prince and Daoism: Institutional Patronage of an Elite

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Richard G. Wang · 2012

FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 71

... and [the method of] holding the one, DZ 827) in stone.54 Like Zhu Quan, Prince Jian of Liao (Zhu Zhi), the first prince of the Liao fief-state, was heavily involved in the production of Daoist books, although he did not write Daoist works himself.

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Legends of Assassins - Page 43

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Chen Uen · 2010

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When Wu Zixu escaped from the kingdom of Chu and arrived in the lands of Wu, he recognized Zhuan Zhu as a man of talent. ... Now Wu Zixu knew that Prince Guang wanted to murder King Liao, and said to himself, “This Prince Guang harbors ambitions within the kingdom; it is useless ... We have beheaded.au Lord Zhi.

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Daoism Handbook - Volume 2 - Page 607

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Livia Kohn · 2004 · ‎Snippet view

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His Longhu shanzhi de FE 5 . ( Gazetteer ... Originally ordered by a son of the royal house , Zhu Zhi * ti ( d . 1424 ) , Prince of Liao , “ this is one of the largest and most diverse literary anthologies in the canon ” ( Boltz 1987 , 193 ) . It contains a ...

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Liao Architecture - Page 493

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Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt · 1997 · ‎Snippet view

FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 493

See Chengtian Ruru princess tomb , 272 , 429 n . 39 Ruyi dougong , 189 , 203 Ryo - Kin ... See Shu zhu Prince of Dongdan . See Yelü Bei Prince ... See Zhi Qi Yingtao , 165 , 167 Qianling ( Liao tomb ) , 256 Qianling ( Tang tomb ) , 252 , 253 ...

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明史研究指南: An Introductory Guide to Research - Page 3

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Edward L. Farmer, ‎Romeyn Taylor, ‎Ann Beth Waltner · 1994 · ‎Snippet view

FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 3

moved to Gansu and his title changed to Su . zhi # the Weiwang Zhu Zhi , Taizu ' s fifteenth son Prince of wei . In 1392 he became the Prince of Liao at Guangning . All of these early shifts were part of a program to strengthen border defenses .

荊州百景 - Page 12

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江永武, ‎张家伟 · 2002 · ‎Snippet view

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Prince Liao ' s Tomb About 12 kilometres northwest to the city is the tomb in which lies Zhu Zhi , the 19th son of the first emperor of the Ming dynasty . The 5 chambers of the tomb , of stone and brick structure , form a Chinese character “ I ” ...

The History of the Former Han Dynasty - Volume 3, Issue 1

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Gu Ban · 1955 · ‎Snippet view

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Wisdom of the Daoist Masters: The Works of Lao Zi (Lao Tzu), ...

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Laozi, ‎Léon Wieger, ‎Liezi · 1984 · ‎Snippet view

FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 299

The Works of Lao Zi (Lao Tzu), Lie Zi (Lieh Tzu), Zhuang Zi (Chuang Tzu) Laozi, Léon Wieger, Liezi, Zhuangzi, Derek Bryce ... WEI ZI , Wei Tzu , ( Wei - tzeu ) , prince : Lie 6 a . ... XIONG YILIAO , Hsiung I Liao , ( Hioung - i - leao ) : Zhu 20b .

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The Corpse Walker: Real Life Stories, China from the Bottom Up

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Yiwu Liao · 2009

A collection of oral histories reveals the lives of ordinary Chinese men and women, including a professional mourner, a leper, an abbot, a retired government official, and a political prisoner.

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zhu zhi prince of liao hongwu

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Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle - Page 215

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Shih-shan Henry Tsai · 2011

FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 215

Hongwu. sons Birth Order Title Name Mother 1 Crown Prince Zhu Biao Empress Ma 2 Prince of Qin Zhu Shuang ... title) 15 Prince of Liao Zhu Zhi Mistress Han (Korean) 16 Prince of Qing Zhu Zhan Mistress Yu 17 Prince of Ning Zhu Quan ...

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Political History of the Ming Dynasty

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Li Shi

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In the past three years, he has sealed his twenty sons as princes (Zhu Yuanzhang has 26 sons, of which the eldest son is marked as a prince; ... Wang Zhu Mo, Zhen Ganzhou; Liao Wang Zhu Zhi, Zhen Guangning; Qing Wang Zhu □ , Zhen Ningxia; Ning Wang Zhu Quan, Zhen ... In the last years of Hongwu, Zhu Xi had a heavy army of 100,000, Ning Wang Zhu Quan took A 80, and the leather car 6,000 4 ...

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The Song, Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan Dynasties

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Da Xue

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cut off. Liu Futong died in battle, and Zhu Yuanzhang rescued Han Liner to Zhangzhou. In the Northern ... In the 21st year of Zhengzhi, he built the Xiaguo and claimed to be the emperor. Chen Youliang ... In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang called the emperor, established the Ming Dynasty, and the year number Hongwu. In 1367, Zhu ... After the Yuanshun emperor led the squad, the prince fled to Shangdu. On the ...

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Adventures of Young Hero: Volume 3

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Xin SuiMengHan · 2020

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The Prince's family: The 14th branch of Ming Fan - King Su (Mu + Ying) Family The King's Mansion of Su was a branch of ... In the eleventh year (1378 AD), Ming Hongwu was conferred the title of King of Han, and in the twenty-fifth year (1392 AD) he was conferred the title of King of Su. ... Liao Wang Family: The Liao Fan Zhu Zhi Family of Zong Weak Branch Chang, Developing Taiwan for Decades In the ...

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Zhenman Zheng · 2001

This work is the result of more than a decade of research on the Chinese household and lineage in the southeastern province of Fujian during the Ming and Qing period (1368-1911).

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A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China

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Charles O. Hucker · 1985 · ‎No preview

Dictionary of bureaucratic terminology from Chou to Ch'ing dynasties, 11 22 B.C. to A.D. 1912.

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The Great Ming Code / Da Ming lu

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2012

The present book is the first English translation of The Great Ming Code (Da Ming lu), which reached its final form in 1397.

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https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%A6%83_(%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96)

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/韓妃_(明太祖)

韓妃 (明太祖)[编辑]

维基百科，自由的百科全书

跳到导航跳到搜索

韩妃，明朝初期妃嫔，明太祖朱元璋妃，名字不详，封号不详，高丽人。

生平[编辑]

韩氏因姿色娇美，受明太祖宠爱，被封为妃。洪武十年二月十五（1377年3月24日）韩氏生第十五皇子辽简王朱植。洪武十三年（1380年），韩氏生下一个女儿含山公主^[1]。洪武二十六年（1393年）五月廿七日朱植就藩辽东都司广宁卫。後移国湖广承宣布政使司荆州府^[2]。

參考文獻[编辑]

^ 《明史》公主传
^ 《明史》皇子传

[隐藏] 查论编明太祖高皇帝皇室

父母	仁祖淳皇帝朱世珍_（追尊）淳皇后陈氏_（追尊）

兄弟	_{追封南昌王}朱興隆 · _{追封盱眙王}朱兴盛 · _{追封临淮王}朱兴祖

姊妹	曹國長公主 · 太原長公主

后妃	孝慈高皇后马氏 · 成穆贵妃孙氏 · 淑妃李氏 · 宁妃郭氏 · 郭惠妃 · 莊靖安榮惠妃崔氏 · 江貴妃 · 趙貴妃 · 昭敬充妃胡氏 · 鄭安妃 · 達定妃 · 胡順妃 · 李賢妃 · 劉惠妃 · 葛麗妃 · 韓妃 · 余妃 · 楊妃 · 周妃 · 張美人 · 郜氏 · 林氏

皇子	_懿文太子朱标_长（追尊明兴宗） · _秦愍王朱樉_次 · _晋恭王朱棡_三 · 朱棣_四（明成祖/明太宗） · _周定王朱橚_五 · _楚昭王朱桢_六 · _齐恭王朱榑_七 · _潭王朱梓_八 · _赵王朱杞_九 · _鲁荒王朱檀_十 · _蜀献王朱椿_十一 · _湘献王朱柏_十二 · _代简王朱桂_十三 · _肃庄王朱楧_十四 · _辽简王朱植_十五 · _庆靖王朱㮵_十六 · _宁献王朱权_十七 · _岷庄王朱楩_十八 · _谷王朱橞_十九 · _韩宪王朱松_二十 · _沈简王朱模_二十一 · _安惠王朱楹_二十二 · _唐定王朱桱_二十三 · _郢靖王朱棟_二十四 · _伊厉王朱㰘_二十五 · 朱楠_二十六

皇女	臨安公主_长 · 寧國公主_次 · 崇寧公主_三 · 安慶公主_四 · 汝寧公主_五 · 懷慶公主_六 · 大名公主_七 · 福清公主_八 · 壽春公主_九 · 十公主 · 南康公主_十一 · 永嘉贞懿公主_十二 · 十三公主 · 含山公主_十四 · 汝陽公主_十五 · 寶慶公主_十六

前朝：元順帝皇室 · 后朝：明惠宗皇室

分类：

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%A4%8D

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/朱植

朱植[编辑]

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朱植（1377年3月24日－1424年），明太祖第十五子，生母韩妃，為高麗美女，同母妹妹含山公主。洪武十一年（1378年）封衛王，二十五年（1392年）改封遼王，王府位於廣寧（今遼寧北鎮）。

韓氏姿色嬌美，受明太祖寵愛，被封為妃子，韓氏生下兒子朱植，洪武十三年，韓氏又生下女兒含山公主。

因為封地接近東北邊境的緣故，朱植熟習軍旅，屢樹軍功。建文時，燕王朱棣起兵反，朝廷擔心距離朱棣不遠並擁重兵的朱植會支持朱棣，於是召朱植到南京。朱植服從建文帝的命令，從海路來到南京後，封地被改為荊州。朱棣奪得帝位後，埋怨朱植在靖難之變時不支持自己，所以不喜歡他。永樂十年（1412年）削其護衛，只留下軍校廚役三百人供他差使。

朱植在1424年去世，諡曰簡，長子世子朱貴煐早卒，由次子朱貴烚繼承王爵。

家庭[编辑]

妻妾[编辑]

妃郭氏，武定侯郭英女，洪武二十七年（1394年）冊為遼王妃^[1]
妃丁氏，生朱貴𤊐^[2]
妃呂氏，生朱貴焻、朱貴熡^[3]^[4]
夫人謝氏，生朱貴㷂、朱貴燏、朱貴燠、朱貴煘^[5]^[6]
張氏，生朱貴烆^[7]
薛氏，生朱貴烰^[8]
趙氏，生朱貴㸎^[9]
宋氏，生朱貴熠^[10]

子[编辑]

長子：遼世子朱貴煐
第二子：遼王朱貴烚
第三子：遠安王朱貴燮
第四子：遼肅王朱貴𤊐
第五子：巴東王朱貴煊
第六子：潛江王朱貴炖
第七子：宜都王朱貴燯
第八子：松滋安惠王朱貴烆
第九子：益陽安僖王朱貴烰
第十子：湘陰安僖王朱貴焻
第十二子：衡陽莊和王朱貴㷂
第十四子：應山悼恭王朱貴㸎
第十五子：宜城康簡王朱貴㸅
第十六子：枝江莊惠王朱貴熠
第十七子：沅陵恭憲王朱貴燏
第十八子：麻陽悼僖王朱貴燠
第十九子：衡山恭惠王朱貴煘
第二十子：蘄水靖和王朱貴熡

女[编辑]

江陵郡主
瀘溪郡主^[11]

參考資料[编辑]

《明史》卷一百一十七

^ 《大明太祖高皇帝實錄卷之二百三十五》
^ 《大明憲宗純皇帝實錄卷之九十三》
^ 《大明憲宗純皇帝實錄卷之四十八》
^ 《大明憲宗純皇帝實錄卷之六十》
^ 《大明英宗睿皇帝實錄卷之三百三十》
^ 《大明英宗睿皇帝實錄卷之九十七》
^ 《大明英宗睿皇帝實錄卷之九十三》
^ 《大明英宗睿皇帝實錄卷之一百六十五》
^ 《大明英宗睿皇帝實錄卷之一百四十三》
^ 《大明英宗睿皇帝實錄卷之二百三十三》
^ 《大明英宗睿皇帝實錄卷之五十三》

無原因：明太祖封之	明衛國國王 1378年－1392年	空缺下一位持有相同頭銜者：恭王朱瞻埏
無原因：明太祖改封之	明遼國國王 1392年－1424年	繼任者：子朱貴烚

[隐藏] 查论编明太祖高皇帝皇室

父母	仁祖淳皇帝朱世珍_（追尊）淳皇后陈氏_（追尊）

兄弟	_{追封南昌王}朱興隆 · _{追封盱眙王}朱兴盛 · _{追封临淮王}朱兴祖

姊妹	曹國長公主 · 太原長公主

后妃	孝慈高皇后马氏 · 成穆贵妃孙氏 · 淑妃李氏 · 宁妃郭氏 · 郭惠妃 · 莊靖安榮惠妃崔氏 · 江貴妃 · 趙貴妃 · 昭敬充妃胡氏 · 鄭安妃 · 達定妃 · 胡順妃 · 李賢妃 · 劉惠妃 · 葛麗妃 · 韓妃 · 余妃 · 楊妃 · 周妃 · 張美人 · 郜氏 · 林氏

皇子	_懿文太子朱标_长（追尊明兴宗） · _秦愍王朱樉_次 · _晋恭王朱棡_三 · 朱棣_四（明成祖/明太宗） · _周定王朱橚_五 · _楚昭王朱桢_六 · _齐恭王朱榑_七 · _潭王朱梓_八 · _赵王朱杞_九 · _鲁荒王朱檀_十 · _蜀献王朱椿_十一 · _湘献王朱柏_十二 · _代简王朱桂_十三 · _肃庄王朱楧_十四 · _辽简王朱植_十五 · _庆靖王朱㮵_十六 · _宁献王朱权_十七 · _岷庄王朱楩_十八 · _谷王朱橞_十九 · _韩宪王朱松_二十 · _沈简王朱模_二十一 · _安惠王朱楹_二十二 · _唐定王朱桱_二十三 · _郢靖王朱棟_二十四 · _伊厉王朱㰘_二十五 · 朱楠_二十六

皇女	臨安公主_长 · 寧國公主_次 · 崇寧公主_三 · 安慶公主_四 · 汝寧公主_五 · 懷慶公主_六 · 大名公主_七 · 福清公主_八 · 壽春公主_九 · 十公主 · 南康公主_十一 · 永嘉贞懿公主_十二 · 十三公主 · 含山公主_十四 · 汝陽公主_十五 · 寶慶公主_十六

前朝：元順帝皇室 · 后朝：明惠宗皇室

分类：

https://www.geni.com/people/%E9%81%BC%E7%B0%A1%E7%8E%8B-%E6%9C%B1%E6%A4%8D-%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94/6000000012622271647

https://www.geni.com/people/遼簡王-朱植-十五/6000000012622271647

Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao 朱

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Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao 朱 English (default): Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao, Chinese: 遼簡王朱植(十五)
Birthdate:	estimated between 1333 and 1393
Death:	1424
Immediate Family:	Son of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, Emperor Taizu of Ming and Consort Han Brother of Princess Hanshan Half brother of Zhu Biao, Crown Prince Yiwen 朱; Zhu Shuang 朱樉, Prince Min of Qin; Zhu Gang 朱棡, Prince Gong of Jin; Zhu Su 朱橚, Prince Ding of Zhou; Princess Ning and 27 others

Managed by:	Private User
Last Updated:	September 2, 2018

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Immediate Family

- Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, Emperor...
  
  father
- Consort Han
  
  mother
- Princess Hanshan
  
  sister
- Empress Xiaoci 孝慈皇后
  
  stepmother
- Zhu Biao, Crown Prince Yiwen 朱
  
  half brother
- Zhu Shuang 朱樉, Prince Min of...
  
  half brother
- Zhu Gang 朱棡, Prince Gong of Jin
  
  half brother
- Zhu Su 朱橚, Prince Ding of Zhou
  
  half brother
- Princess Ning
  
  half sister
- Princess Anqing
  
  half sister
- Zhu Biao 朱標
  
  half brother
- Zhu Di 朱棣, Emperor Chengzu o...
  
  half brother

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Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao 朱's Timeline

1424	1424	Death of Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao 朱
????		Birth of Zhu Zhi, Prince Jian of Liao 朱

https://books.google.com.au/books?id=TCIjZ7l6TX8C&pg=PA131&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society ...

edited by Edward L. Farmer

About the author (1995)

Edward L. Farmer, Ph.D. (1968) in History and Far Eastern Languages, Harvard University, is Professor of History and East Asian Studies at the University of Minnesota. He was editor of the journal "Ming Studies" for ten years (1975-1985) and is author of "Early Ming Government: The Evolution of Dual Capitals" (1976) and co-author of "Ming History: An Introductory Guide to Research" (1994).

Bibliographic information

QR code for Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation

Title	Zhu Yuanzhang and Early Ming Legislation: The Reordering of Chinese Society Following the Era of Mongol Rule Volume 34 of Sinica Leidensia
Editor	Edward L. Farmer
Publisher	BRILL, 1995
ISBN	9004103910, 9789004103917
Length	259 pages
Subjects	Architecture › Interior Design › General Architecture / Interior Design / General History / Asia / China Social Science / General

Export Citation	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E8%A1%93%E6%A1%82

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/朱術桂

朱術桂[编辑]

维基百科，自由的百科全书

跳到导航跳到搜索

寧靖王

竹滬華山殿裡的明寧靖王朱術桂神像

監軍

姓名

朱術桂

字

天球

號

一元子

封爵

郡王

封號

寧靖王

宮號

明朝遼王系

出生

1617年10月24日
萬曆四十五年九月廿五日

逝世

1683年7月16日（65歲）
永曆三十七年六月廿二日

墳墓

明寧靖王墓

[显示]親屬

寧靖王墓入口

寧靖王墓

墓碑

墓旁的碑文－寧靖王殉台始末記

高雄縣政府於1965年5月在寧靖王墓旁所立的碑

高雄縣政府於1965年5月在寧靖王墓旁所立的碑文

朱術桂（1617年10月24日－1683年7月20日），字天球，號一元子，遼簡王朱植八世孫，長陽王朱憲煥嫡二子，湖廣荊州（今湖北）人，祖籍直隸鳳陽（今安徽），明朝宗室、郡王。

生平[编辑]

萬曆四十五年九月廿五日（1617年10月24日）生，初授輔國將軍，封於荊州（湖北）。

崇禎十五年（1642年）流寇張獻忠攻陷荊州，朱術桂與惠王朱常潤及宗室避居湖中。

崇禎十七年（1644年）崇禎皇帝上吊自殺、明朝滅亡，福王在金陵稱帝，是為南明弘光帝，朱術桂與兄長長陽王朱術雅入朝，封為鎮國將軍。

隨著清軍南下，朱術桂逃亡過程中與兄失散，當時鄭遵謙從紹興迎奉魯王朱以海為監國，由於不知朱術雅生死下落，於是由朱術桂襲封長陽王。

之後鄭鴻逵擁立唐王為隆武帝，朱術桂奉表慶賀，而隆武帝也承認他為長陽王。不久朱術桂得知兄長仍在世，上疏歸還王爵稱號，隆武帝亦改封他為寧靖王，前往方國安軍中擔任督軍^[3]。

清軍渡過錢塘江後，朱術桂逃亡，途中與監國朱以海會合，後來被鄭彩迎接到廈門。這時隆武帝已死，崇禎皇帝堂弟桂王朱由榔被擁立為永曆帝，朱術桂前往朝謁，永曆帝命他留在鄭鴻逵軍中監軍。永曆二年春（1648年）又命朱術桂同時督鄭成功之師。後來南明勢力逐漸崩潰，只有鄭成功保持較大力量，並在思明州（廈門）禮待避亂宗室，朱術桂前往投靠，鄭成功以王禮待之，讓他居住在金門和廈門兩島^[3]。

永曆九年（1655年）因為永曆帝和延平王鄭成功勢力相隔遙遠，永曆帝特准鄭成功設置六官方便施政，同時允許他委任官職，武官可達一品，文職可達六部主事。鄭成功每次拜封官員，都請朱術桂等明朝宗室在旁觀禮，以示尊重體制^[4]。

永曆十六年（1662年）鄭成功去世，鄭經繼位。永曆十七年（1663年）鄭經迎寧靖王到台灣監軍，同行包括瀘溪王、魯王世子朱弘桓、巴東王等諸明朝宗室及同鄉仕紳等八百多人^[5]^[6]。於承天府府署（今臺南市赤崁樓）旁的西定坊建立寧靖王府邸，並供歲祿於朱術桂。朱術桂見臺灣初闢，土壤肥沃，便在萬年州^{[註 1]}竹滬莊（今高雄市路竹區^{[註 2]}）一帶，墾拓田園達數十甲。

永曆三十五年（1681年），鄭經去世，鄭克塽繼位。永曆三十七年六月廿二日（1683年7月16日）施琅攻下澎湖之後，朱術桂決心殉國，分其田賞佃人，捨寢宮與一元子園捐為佛寺^[7]，召集妾侍說：「孤不德，顛沛海外，冀保餘年，以見先帝、先王於地下；今大事已去，孤死有日，汝輩幼艾，可自計也。」隨侍在側的五妃（袁氏、王氏、秀姑、梅姐、荷姐）皆泣對曰：「王既能全節，妾等寧甘失身，王生俱生，王死俱死，請先賜尺帛，死隨王所。」而後相繼自縊於中堂^{[註 3]}。朱術桂親自殯殮後，將五妃之靈柩安葬於南門城外魁斗山後（當時屬於仁和里，今臺南市五妃廟址）^[8]。

朱術桂死前書於壁曰：「自壬午流賊陷荊州，攜家南下。甲申避亂閩海，總為幾莖頭髮，苟全微軀，遠潛外國四十餘年，今六十有六矣。時逄大難，得全髮冠裳而死。不負高皇，不負父母，生事畢矣，無愧無怍。」次日，即加翼善冠，服四團龍袍，束玉帶，佩印綬，將寧靖王麎鈕印送交鄭克塽。據日本《華夷變態》記載，朱術桂親自前往大關帝廟赴義。鄭克塽率文武至，嗟嘆別之。王乃拜辭天地祖宗。耆士老幼俱入拜，王答拜。又在硯背題辭世詩曰：「艱辛避海外，總為幾莖髮；於今事畢矣，祖宗應容納。」書罷，結帛於樑自縊，且曰「我去矣。」侍宦兩人亦從死其旁。眾扶之下，顏色如生，越十日葬於縣治，長治里竹滬與元配合焉，不封不樹，妾膢五棺埋於台南魁斗山，去其墓三十里，稱為五烈墓，又曰五妃祀。

朱術桂自殺時，终年六十六歲。鄉人感其忠義，將他和元配羅氏、早夭之子朱儼鑑合葬於湖內村棚仔林中，墓地未做特別標示，並築偽墓一百多座，以混淆清軍的搜尋。

辭世詩[编辑]

辭世詩為五言古體詩，「艱辛避海外，總為幾莖髮；於今事畢矣，祖宗應容納。」

一作「艱辛避海外，總為數莖髮，於今事已畢，祖宗應容納。」，或作「艱辛浮海外，總為數根髮，而今事畢已，祖宗應容納。」，又作「流離避海外，止為幾根髮；而今事已矣，祖宗應容納。」尚作「流離來海外，止賸幾莖髮；如今事畢矣，祖宗應容納。」還有數版本則不備載，此系列文句大同小異，旨意略同，應是傳抄時的版本問題。

另作「艱辛避海外，總為幾莖髮，於今事畢矣，不復采薇蕨。」末句「不復采薇蕨」較「祖宗應容納」為晚出，「蕨」字與「髮」字同韻部，較為合韻，用字文雅，且為周朝時伯夷隱居的典故，較無「祖宗」之思，可能是文人改寫，避免清朝官府的不滿。

註釋[编辑]

^ 鄭成功驅逐荷蘭人後，在台灣設一府二縣，府名東都承天府（今台南市），二縣中北為天興縣（縣治今台南市佳里區），南為萬年縣（今屏東縣，高雄市，及臺南市大部分），永曆十六年（1662年）改東都為東寧，永曆十八年（1664年）改縣為州，直至鄭克塽降清為止。
^ 竹滬村原歸湖內鄉管轄。民國三十九年（1950年）行政區域調整方案之規定，將原歸湖內鄉管轄之竹滬村、頂寮村改劃路竹鄉管轄。
^ 《臺灣縣志‧卷九雜記志‧丘墓》記載方式是寫「癸亥六月二十二日，靖海將軍侯施琅既克澎湖，王語諸妃曰：『我之死期至矣！汝輩聽自主之。』妃曰：『王生俱生，王死俱死。』遂結繯齊縊堂上。王親自殯殮，葬仁和里。越二十六日，王死。」^[8]

参考文献[编辑]

^ 兩岸史話－福爾摩沙真面貌- 中時電子報
^ 《臺灣通史》寧靖王列傳：術桂無子，以益王之後儼鉁為嗣，方七歲。清人入臺，遷於河南杞縣。
^ 跳转至：^3.0 ^3.1 連橫，《台灣通史》‧卷二十九，列傳一‧寧靖王列傳。
^ 2004，許雪姬總策劃，《臺灣歷史辭典》，「朱術桂」條目，頁303。台北：文建會
^ (tropicofcancer), 嚕嚕米. 落難王爺-明朝寧靖王悲劇的一生5之1. 隨意窩 Xuite日誌. [2018-07-28].
^ 駱, 芬美. 《被誤解的臺灣史：1553-1860之史實未必是事實》. 台北市: 時報. 2013: 149. ISBN 9789571357287.
^ 朱術桂 - 文化部國家文化資料庫
^ 跳转至：^8.0 ^8.1 王禮主修，陳文達、林中桂、李欽文、張士箱編纂；臺灣史料集成編輯委員會編輯. 《臺灣縣志》原版約刊行於康熙五十九年（1720年）. 行政院文化建設委員會、遠流. 2005-06-30: 279頁. ISBN 986-00-1269-5.
^ 依1977年〈重修明寧靖王墓誌〉，「出土玉帶、古碗、古印等殉葬物，當即由警察機關追緣移送台北市博物館保管，以存史實。日據時期王墓亦視同古蹟，妥加珍護。」
^ 1937台灣寶藏回憶-明寧靖王墓
^ 王浩一. 在廟口說書. 台北市: 心靈工坊文化. 2008年8月: 68頁. ISBN 978-986-6782-47-3.

外部連結[编辑]

高雄市湖內區公所明寧靖王墓園導覽簡介

参见[编辑]

[隐藏] 查论编明朝歷史

前期	元末民变 · 红巾军起义（韩山童被杀、韩林儿起义、徐寿辉起义、郭子兴起义、张士诚起事） · 二十四将 · 三打集庆 · 统一江南（灭陈友谅、洪都保卫战、鄱陽湖之戰 · 灭张士诚 · 灭方国珍 · 平定闽、广） · 北伐和统一（徐达北伐、洪武北伐、攻取河南和山东、攻克河北和上都、平定山西与收复甘肃、平定云南、平定四川、收回燕雲十六州、平定辽东、金山之戰、捕魚兒海之戰） · 进军西藏（烏思藏行都指揮使司、朵甘行都指揮使司、俄力思軍民元帥府） · 创建衛所制 · 建都之议 · 洪武之治 · 洪武大移民（洪洞大槐树、江西填湖广、湖广填四川） · 茶马贸易 · 废中书省 · 都布按三司（都指揮使司、布政使司、按察使司） · 海運弛禁 · 朱元璋反腐 · 明初四大案（胡惟庸案、空印案、郭桓案、藍玉案） · 南北榜案 · 建文改制 · 靖难之役 · 壬午之难 · 永乐迁都（順天府、故宫） · 永乐盛世 · 内阁建制 · 厂卫（锦衣卫、东厂、西厂、內行廠） · 郑和下西洋 · 经营南海（永乐群岛、永樂环礁、宣德群岛、永乐龙洞、郑和群礁、于锡兰山国之战、舊港宣慰司） · 万国来朝（朝鲜、安南、琉球、占城国、暹罗国、爪哇国、浡泥、呂宋、苏禄、合猫裹、美洛居、婆罗、古麻剌朗、冯嘉施兰、真腊、帖木兒等） · 确立宗藩 · 三大营（五軍營、三千營、神机营） · 南征安南 · 統治安南（交趾等處承宣布政使司、蓝山起义） · 贵州建制 · 三宣六慰 · 唐赛儿民变 · 明成祖北伐 · 经营东北（设立奴儿干都司、亦失哈巡视东北、奴儿干城、永宁寺、永宁寺碑、建州三衛、辽东都司） · 陈诚出使西域（《西域番国志》、《西域行程记》） · 永乐大典 · 朱高熾監國 · 高煦之亂 · 仁宣之治 · 三杨辅政 · 宣宗廢后 · 票拟制度 · 建立哈密卫

中期	王振擅政 · 麓川之役 · 浙閩民變 · 大同之战 · 土木堡之变 · 景泰继统 · 午門血案 · 京师保卫战 · 易储之争 · 夺门之变 · 曹石之變 · 重修《寰宇通志》 · 汪直擅政 · 鄖陽民變 · 藤峽盜亂 · 哈密之爭 · 固原盜亂 · 河套之患 · 成化新风 · 王文素与《新集通證古今算學寶鑑》 · 弘治中兴 · 九邊建制 · 南徽北晋 · 滿倉兒案 · 海運嚴禁 · 郑旺妖言案 · 劉瑾擅政 · 安化王之乱 · 寘鐇之亂 · 劉六劉七民變 · 川蜀盜亂 · 武宗南巡 · 应州大捷 · 寧王之亂 · 南贛盜亂 · 江彬擅政 · 王阳明与阳明学 · 世宗继统 · 大禮議 · 佛朗機〔葡萄牙〕人東來（葡佔屯門、屯門海戰、西草灣之戰、雙嶼港、租借澳門） · 大同兵變 · 更定祀典 · 嘉靖南巡 · 迁陵之议 · 岑猛之亂 · 壬寅宮變 · 嘉靖中兴 · 楚藩宮變 · 嚴嵩擅政 · 北虜南倭 · 戚继光抗倭 · 李福達之獄 · 议复河套 · 庚戌之变 · 嘉靖大地震 · 李时珍与《本草纲目》

晚期	隆慶新政（隆庆开关、俺答封贡、開中法） · 张居正辅政（一条鞭法、考成法、王国光著《万历会计录》、潘季驯治河） · 萬曆中興 · 重修长城 · 萬曆三大征（寧夏之役、朝鮮之役、播州之役） · 秦良玉与白桿兵 · 萬曆怠政（國本之爭、礦稅之弊） · 齐楚浙党 · 朱載堉与十二平均律 · 伊利亞〔西班牙〕人東來（呂宋大屠殺 · 明西聯軍滅林鳳） · 明缅战争 · 妖書案（第一次妖書案、第二次妖書案） · 楚藩案（楚太子案、楚宗劫槓案） · 明末三大案（梃擊案、紅丸案、移宮案） · 東林黨爭 · 光宗中兴 · 和蘭〔荷蘭〕人東來（沈有容諭退紅毛番、澎湖風櫃尾荷蘭城、澎湖之戰、崇祯明荷海战） · 天主教再次传入（西學東漸、利玛窦、聖教三柱石、南京教案、《崇祯历书》、《几何原本》、红夷大炮） · 徐光启与《农政全书》 · 建州女真叛明 · 薩爾滸之戰 · 三饷加派 · 奢安之亂 · 徐鴻儒民變 · 熊廷弼和孙承宗抗金 · 魏忠賢擅政（阉党） · 复社之兴 · 王恭廠大爆炸 · 袁崇焕督師薊、遼（关宁锦防线、宁远之战、宁锦之战、诛杀毛文龙） · 崇禎治亂 · 寧遠兵變 · 清兵入塞（京畿之戰、遵永大捷、宣大之戰、第二次京畿之戰、北直隸山東之戰、第二次北直隸山東之战） · 第一次皮岛海战 · 第二次皮岛海战 · 走西口 · 己巳之變 · 沙定洲之亂 · 吳橋兵變 · 英格蘭〔英國〕人東來（伊丽莎白一世与万历帝书、明英海上衝突、虎門之戰） · 《天工开物》 · 徐霞客遊記 · 天灾不断（低温、鼠疫、水灾、旱灾、蝗灾） · 吳有性与《温疫论》 · 松錦之戰（洪承畴降清、祖大寿降清） · 明末民變（王二起義、張獻忠起義、李自成起義、朱仙鎮之戰、凤阳之战、荥阳大会、开封之战、瑪瑙山之戰、襄阳之战） · 孙传庭抗击大顺军 · 盧象昇練天雄军 · 「四正六隅」灭流寇 · 曹文詔殉国 · 三顺王（恭顺王孔有德、怀顺王耿仲明、智顺王尚可喜） · 南迁之议 · 甲申之變 · 一片石之战 · 李自成称帝 · 吴三桂降清

南明與明鄭	南明紛立（弘光、魯王、隆武、紹武、永曆） · 入關戰爭 · 江北四鎮（高杰、黃得功、劉澤清、劉良佐） · 青州之变 · 大顺军灭亡（潼关战役、陕北战役、李自成被杀） · 南渡三案（大悲案、假太子案、童妃案） · 马、阮党争 · 左良玉清君側 · 联虏平寇 · 睢州之变 · 潞王监国 · 张献忠称帝 · 剃髮易服 · 圈地投充 · 满清大屠杀（扬州十日、嘉定三屠、江阴八十一日、南昌之屠、大同之屠、四川大屠殺、廣州之屠） · 反清复明（金声桓、王得仁江西反正 · 李成栋广东反正 · 姜瓖大同反正 · 米喇印、丁国栋甘肃回民反清起义 · 谢迁反清起义 · 榆园军反清起义 · 王永强陕北反清起义 · 贺珍、孫守法、武大定反清起义 · 王光恩、王光泰、王昌反清起义） · 聯寇抗清 · 黄道周北伐 · 靖藩之变 · 农民军抗清（忠贞营、夔東十三家、摇黄十三家、西山十三家、停溪大捷、叙州大捷、辰州大捷、湖南之役、桂林大捷、衡阳大捷、保宁之战） · 何腾蛟经营湖南 · 瞿式耜、张同敞殉国 · 沙定洲之亂 · 大西军经营云南 · 李定國兩蹶名王 · 张煌言抗清 · 洪承畴经略江南 · 肇庆之役 · 新会之战 · 十八人之獄 · 曲靖之战 · 宝庆之败 · 孫可望投清 · 重庆之役 · 磨盤山血戰 · 南明消亡（福建沦陷、湖南沦陷、贵州沦陷、云南沦陷） · 大西灭亡 · 舟山之役 · 一官党 · 郑芝龙降清 · 鄭成功抗清（郑家军、鄭成功北伐、郑成功长江之役、同安之役、潮州之役、泉州大捷、厦门大捷、思明州、海澄战役、鄭成功征台） · 郑、施交恶（曾德事件） · 鲁监国浙闽抗清 · 咒水之难 · 德勒之战 · 逼死坡 · 夔东会战 · 茅麓山战役 · 明鄭王朝（鄭經嗣位之爭、鄭泰事件、清荷联军攻鄭、東寧之變） · 迁界禁海 · 明郑灭亡 · 朱术桂殉国 · 安南明鄉人

專門史	历史 · 政治 · 军事 · 外交 · 经济 · 文化 · 科技 · 君主

【说明：绿色为西方人来华事件】中國歷史事件傳疑時代 → 夏朝 → 商朝 → 西周 → 東周（春秋 → 戰國） → 秦朝 → 漢朝 → 三國 → 晉朝／十六國 → 南北朝 → 隋朝 → 唐朝 → 五代十國 → 宋朝／遼金夏 → 元朝 → 明朝 → 清朝 → 中華民國／中华人民共和国

[隐藏]

明鄭時期

歷史

統治者

君王	鄭成功 · 鄭襲 · 鄭經 · 鄭克𡒉 · 鄭克塽

王妃	董王妃 · 唐王妃 · 陳世子妃 · 馮王妃

王室宗親（世系圖）

一世	鄭芝龍 · 田川氏 · 鄭芝虎 · 鄭鴻逵

二世	鄭泰 · 田川七左衛門 · 鄭省英

三世	鄭聰 · 鄭明 · 鄭睿 · 鄭智 · 鄭寬 · 鄭裕 · 鄭溫 · 鄭柔 · 鄭發

四世	鄭克壆 · 鄭克均 · 鄭克坺 · 鄭克𡍬 · 鄭克圻 · 鄭克塙

五世	鄭安福 · 鄭安祿 · 鄭安康 · 鄭安畿 · 鄭安甸 · 鄭安德

重要人物

外戚	唐顯悅 · 陳永華 · 洪淑貞 · 馮錫範 · 黃安 · 董騰 · 陳夢球 · 馮錫圭

明皇族	朱術桂 · 朱弘桓 · 朱怡鎬 · 魯王公主

文臣	楊英 · 鄭斌 · 蔡政 · 柯平 · 葉亨 · 鄭得瀟 · 何斌 · 楊朝棟 · 楊彥迪 · 翁天祐 · 顧礽 · 楊賢

武臣	洪旭 · 劉國軒 · 馬信 · 周全斌 · 蕭拱宸 · 黃昭 · 蔣毅庵 · 林鳳 · 謝永常 · 毛興 · 蔡添 · 陳澤

其他	沈光文 · 李茂春 · 王忠孝 · 徐孚遠 · 蔡雲 · 李科羅

制度

王室	延平王 · 監國 · 世子

後宮	王太妃 · 王妃 · 夫人 · 世子妃

中央	東寧總制 · 諮議參軍 · 六官 · 協理六官 · 六官都事

地方	承天府府尹 · 州知事（縣知事） · 安撫使 · 簽首 · 總理

科舉	太學 · 院試 · 府試 · 州試 · 社學

其他	察言司 · 承宣司 · 審理司 · 賞勳司 · 中書科 · 儲賢館 · 育冑館

行政區劃

承天府 · 天興州 · 萬年州 · 安撫司

經濟貿易

山海五商 · 鄭英通商條約 · 西班牙銀圓 · 永曆通寶 · 寬永通寶

軍事外交

明鄭軍事 · 丁未漂人事件 · 日本乞師 · 鄭日通商 · 鄭英通商 · 烏鬼親衛鎮

現存遺跡

宮殿	安平王城 · 北園別館 · 寧靖王府邸 · 承天府府署

國廟	大王廟 · 二王廟 · 先師聖廟 · 大上帝廟

其他	夢蝶園 · 紅毛城 · 寧靖王從死五妃墓 · 藩府二鄭公子墓 · 藩府曾蔡二姬墓

相關列表

鄭成功征臺部將列表

分类：

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/奇皇后

奇皇后[编辑]

维基百科，自由的百科全书

跳到导航跳到搜索

關於同名韓劇，請見「奇皇后 (電視劇)」。

普顯淑聖皇后肅良合氏
姓	奇
名	洛
姓名	奇洛
品階	第三任皇后（與伯顏忽都兩后並立）
出生	元仁宗延祐二年（1315年）高麗幸州
逝世	元惠宗至正二十九年/明太祖洪武二年 1369年（53歲－54歲）
谥号	普顯淑聖皇后
親屬
父親	奇子敖
夫	元惠宗妥懽貼睦爾
夫之父	元明宗和世㻋
夫之母	邁來迪
夫之元配	答纳失里皇后
夫之繼室	伯顏忽都皇后、木纳失里皇后
子	元昭宗愛猷識理達臘

奇皇后（朝鮮語：기황후／奇皇后，1315年－1369年），是元朝皇帝元惠宗（元顺帝）的第三任皇后。蒙古名字完者忽都（蒙古语：ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ，鲍培转写：Ölǰei Khutugh，西里尔字母：Өлзийхутаг）。高丽华裔，本贯：幸州奇氏。谥号为普顯淑聖皇后。

生平[编辑]

她原是高麗人奇子敖的女兒，出生於高麗幸州（今高陽市德陽區西南）。在家人被高麗忠惠王殺害後，她以高麗貢女的身份被獻上於元廷，入宮當了掌茶宮女。她不僅姿色非常嬌豔、肌膚白皙，還十分乖巧伶俐，察言觀色。元惠宗對她十分寵愛，後來幸之。這件事被元惠宗元配皇后答納失里得知，她怒不可遏地召來奇氏，用鞭子打得遍體鱗傷。

1335年（元元統三年、元至元元年），答纳失里的兄弟谋反，答纳失里皇后也被毒死。1337年，元惠宗册封伯颜忽都为皇后。本来元惠宗打算立他一向宠爱的奇氏为皇后，只是丞相伯颜硬行劝阻，元惠宗没有办法，立了伯颜忽都。元惠宗平日在奇氏那里宿夜的时候多，很少去皇后的宫里，伯颜忽都也没有什么怨言。

奇氏生下儿子爱猷识理达腊，更加赢得了元惠宗的欢心。1340年（元至元六年），元惠宗册立奇氏为第三任皇后（兩后並立）^[1]。

1363年奇氏打算結交宰相賀太平，以擁立爱猷识理达腊為繼承人，元惠宗怠弃政事，奇皇后与其子遽谋内禅，但太平並不領情。奇氏便在元惠宗面前貶損太平，於是太平被貶往西藏，旋即賜死。

奇皇后留在高丽的家人，因为逆谋篡位被高丽恭愍王一举击破，并杀尽奇氏族人，相关记录见高丽史相关记载：

“	元遣轅子完者不花，改冊榮安王為敬王，又追封三代為王授轍大司徒。時權謙、盧鑠俱納女於元，有寵轍與謙等，聲勢相倚，知天下亂，自念積惡歛{斂}怨，恐一朝勢去難保。預謀自安以親戚腹心，布列權要，陰樹黨援，將圖大逆，閱諸道兵器，詐為詔使，扇動訛言，密諭期會約，以舉事。王先知之，托以曲宴，令宰樞皆會宮庭，遣判密直洪義宰，臣裴天慶等，召轍、鑠、謙及轍子贊成事有傑侄完者不花，謙子萬戶恆舍人和尚鑠子行省郎中濟等，轍、謙先赴密直慶千興黃石奇。判事申青等密白王曰: 「二人已至，其餘子侄及盧鑠父子未至，若事洩變起不虞，不如早圖.」王然之，即令密直姜仲卿、大護軍睦仁吉、於達赤李蒙大等，伏壯士，出其不意，椎擊轍，應手而僕。謙走避，追及於紫門殺之，血濺宮門，遂殺轍從者二人屍於朱橋。義為兵所害，奇權麾下狼狽四散，禁衛四番軍士一時俱發劍槊交於路。仲卿等率兵至鑠家，捕殺之，屍於北泉洞路上。有傑偕天慶詣闕道，聞變走匿，完者不花、濟恆和尚等及支黨皆逃竄。命中外搜捕，沒入三家奴婢於義成德泉，有備諸倉。無賴之徒多乘亂攘奪，宮城戒嚴，自宰執至胥徒備兵仗宿衛。	”
—— ^[2]

1364年（至正二十四年）7月，孛罗帖木兒称兵犯阙，皇太子出奔冀宁，下令讨孛罗帖木兒。孛罗帖木兒大怒，唆使监察御史武起宗举报奇皇后干扰国政，建议元惠宗驱逐奇皇后，帝不答。二十五年三月，孛罗帖木兒幽禁奇皇后于诸色总管府，令姚伯颜不花看守。四月庚寅，孛罗帖木兒逼奇皇后还宫取印章，伪作诏书召太子，事后奇皇后仍回幽所，奇皇后向孛罗帖木兒献美女，至百日，始还宫。孛罗帖木兒死后，皇太子回京师，奇皇后传旨令廓扩帖木兒以兵拥皇太子入城逼元惠宗禅位。廓扩帖木兒到京城三十里外，故意遣军还营，拒绝配合。^[3]

1365年8月伯顏忽都皇后在冷落寂寞中去世，享年42歲。1365年（至正二十五年）十二月，元惠宗冊封奇氏為皇后，冊文是：

“

坤以承乾元，人道莫先於夫婦；后以母天下，王化實始於家邦。典禮之常，古今攸重。咨爾肅良合氏，篤生名族，來事朕躬。儆戒相成，每勤於夙夜；恭儉率下，多歷於歲年。既發祥元子於儲闈，復流慶孫枝於甲觀。眷若中宮之位，允宜淑配之賢。宗戚大臣，況僉言而敷請；掖庭諸御，鹹傾望以推尊。乃屢遜辭，尤可嘉尚。今遣攝太尉某持節授以玉冊玉寶，命爾為皇后。於戲！慎修壺政，益勉爾輔佐之心；昭嗣徽音，同保我延洪之福。其欽寵命，以衍壽祺。

”

1368年（至正二十八年）正月，朱元璋建立了明朝，建元洪武。朱元璋派征虏大将军徐达，副将军常遇春，率师25万北上灭元。元朝仍旧内部纷争不息。元惠宗只好集合后妃、皇太子、皇太子妃，半夜北逃上都开平（今内蒙古多伦西北）。1368年9月14日，明军攻入元大都，元朝至此灭亡，自元世祖忽必烈1260年登基到元惠宗1368年北奔共108年。

奇皇后逝世于1369年^[4]，这年朱元璋出师进攻开平，元惠宗又逃到应昌。不久51岁的元惠宗因痢疾去世。皇太子爱猷识理达腊继位，这是北元昭宗。他的皇后也是高丽人权氏。1378年爱猷识理达腊在和林去世。朝鲜半岛有奇皇后墓，不知真假。

评价[编辑]

监察御史李泌：“世祖有誓：子孙不得与高丽女子共事宗庙。陛下践世祖之位，何忍忘世祖之言，乃以高丽女并位宫中。今灾异屡起，河决地震，盗贼滋蔓，皆阴盛阳微之渐。乞仍降为妃，庶使三辰定位，灾异可息。”元惠宗不听。^[4]

《新元史》：“为人狷黠，务自矮饰，无事则取《女孝经》、史书，访问历代皇后有贤行者为法。四方贡献珍味，非荐太庙不敢先食。”元惠宗没有听从元世祖的遗训，以高丽女子为实际皇后，“卒成亡国之祸云”。惠宗惑于孽后，宠遇无节，揆其政刑紊乱，虽不尽由帷闼，而启衅召戎，则奇后实为之导焉。呜乎，是亦褒阎之亚匹欤！”^[4]

对奇皇后的称呼[编辑]

元称西夏、高丽，不举其国，举其部族曰唐兀氏、肃良合氏。奇皇后以“肃良合氏”诏天下^[4]。

言论[编辑]

伯颜忽都皇后去世时，遗农质敝，奇皇后曰：“正宫所服何至斯耶！”

太子既长，帝为建端本堂，命儒臣教授国法。帝与太子多受佛戒，帝师因启后曰：“太子向学佛法颇开悟，今乃使习孔子教，巩坏真性。”后曰：“我虽居深宫，不明道德，尝闻自古及今治天下者，须用孔子教，舍此则为异端。佛法虽好，不可以治天下，安可使太子不读书耶？”帝师惭退。

后证位中宫，诞日百官进笺贺，后诫左丞相沙蓝答里曰：“自世祖以来，正官皇后寿日未尝进笺。近年虽有，不合典礼。”却之。

奇皇后外戚在高丽，怙势骄横，高丽恭愍王尽杀之。至正二十三年奇皇后谓皇太子曰：“汝年已长，不能为我复仇耶？”皇太子乃请帝废高丽王，立其弟塔思帖木儿留京师者为王，以奇氏族子三宝奴为太子，将作同知崔帖木儿为丞相，将兵万人送之至鸭绿江，为伏兵所败，余十七骑而返。^[4]

家庭[编辑]

高祖[编辑]

高祖

高祖﹕奇允肅，生性侈靡，攀附崔忠獻，被拜為上將軍，長期管理兩省。官至門下侍郎平章事，謐號康靖

父母[编辑]

父母

父亲：奇子敖，繼承父蔭補散員缺額，累遷至摠部散郎，出守宣州，六十三歲卒。奇氏被封為第三任皇后後，追封秉德承和毓慶功臣，封榮安王，諡莊獻。

母親﹕李氏，典書李行儉之女。奇氏被封第三任皇后後，冊封榮安王大夫人。

兄弟姐妹[编辑]

兄弟

長兄﹕奇軾，早卒
次兄﹕奇轍，蒙古名伯顏不花，奇氏被封為第三任皇后後，為行省叅知政事、德城府院君、後封為政丞大司徒，後謀反，最後被恭愍王滅族。
三兄﹕奇轅，奇氏被封為第三任皇后後，被任為翰林學士、德陽君。奇轍謀反失敗被牽連，被恭愍王滅族。
五弟﹕奇輈，奇轍謀反失敗被牽連，被恭愍王滅族。
六弟﹕奇輪，奇轍謀反失敗被牽連，被恭愍王滅族。

配偶[编辑]

配偶

妥懽貼睦爾，元順帝，蒙古帝國第十五位大汗，元朝北遁前的最後一位皇帝。

子女[编辑]

子女

元昭宗愛猷識理達臘，1353年被立為皇太子，1370年即位稱帝，北元皇帝

参考文献[编辑]

^ 《高丽史节要》记载：“忠惠王后元年（庚辰年，元惠宗后至元六年），“元封奇氏为第三皇后。后，本国人，总部散郎子敖之女，生皇太子爱猷识理达腊。”元惠宗后至元六年是公元1340年。
^ 《高麗史》卷131 列傳44 叛逆5 奇轍004
^ 《元史》列传第一
^ 跳转至：^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 《新元史》卷一百四·列传第一

前任者：伯颜忽都	元朝皇后 1365年—1370年	繼任者：權皇后
		繼任者：明朝马皇后
		繼任者：明夏彭皇后

[隐藏]

元朝皇后（附北元皇后及追封皇后）

蒙古皇后

元太祖

第一斡兒朵	光獻皇后孛兒帖(弘吉剌氏) - 皇后忽魯倫 - 皇后闊里桀擔 - 皇后脫忽思 - 皇后帖木倫 - 皇后亦憐真八剌 - 皇后不顏忽禿

第二斡兒朵	皇后忽兰(蔑儿乞氏) - 皇后古兒別速 - 皇后亦乞列真 - 皇后脫忽思

第三斡兒朵	皇后也遂(塔塔儿氏) - 皇后也速干(塔塔儿氏) -皇后忽魯哈剌 - 皇后阿失侖 - 皇后禿兒哈剌 - 皇后李察合 - 皇后阿昔迷失 - 皇后完者忽都

第四斡兒朵	公主皇后完顏氏 - 皇后忽答罕 - 皇后合答安(速勒逊都氏) - 皇后斡者忽思 - 皇后燕里 - 皇后谟盖(贝格林氏)

元太宗

大皇后孛剌合真 - 第二皇后昂灰 - 第三皇后忽帖尼(乞里吉思氏) - 第四皇后 - 第五皇后 - 昭慈皇后脱列哥那(乃馬真氏)

元定宗

大皇后 - 第二皇后 - 欽淑皇后海迷失(斡兀立氏) - 皇后乃蛮真氏

元憲宗

貞節皇后忽都台(弘吉剌氏) - 大皇后也速儿(弘吉剌氏) - 第二皇后秃忒迷(斡兀立氏) - 第三皇后出卑 - 皇后亦乞烈氏 - 皇后明里忽都鲁 - 皇后火里差(火鲁刺思氏)

元世祖

第一斡兒朵	大皇后帖古伦(弘吉剌氏)

第二斡兒朵	昭睿皇后察必(弘吉剌氏)

元朝皇后

元世祖

第二斡兒朵	昭睿皇后察必(弘吉剌氏)⁺ - 大皇后南必(弘吉剌氏)⁺

第三斡兒朵	皇后塔剌海 - 皇后奴罕

第四斡兒朵	皇后伯要兀真(许兀慎氏) - 皇后阔阔伦

其他	皇后速哥答思

元成宗

大皇后卜魯罕(伯岳吾氏)^+# - 皇后忽帖尼(乞儿吉思氏)

元武宗

宣慈皇后真哥(弘吉剌氏)⁺ - 皇后速哥失里(弘吉剌氏) - 皇后完者歹 - 皇后伯忽笛(怯烈氏)

元仁宗

莊懿皇后阿納失失里(弘吉剌氏)⁺ - 皇后答里麻失里 - 皇后伯顔忽篤

元英宗

莊靜皇后速哥八剌(亦乞烈氏)⁺ - 第二皇后牙八忽都鲁 - 皇后朵而只班

泰定帝

大皇后八不罕(弘吉剌氏)^+# - 皇后亦怜真八剌(亦乞烈氏) - 皇后忽剌 - 皇后也速 - 皇后撒答八剌 - 皇后卜颜怯里迷失 - 皇后失烈帖木儿 - 皇后铁你 - 皇后必罕（弘吉剌氏） - 皇后速哥答里（弘吉剌氏）

元明宗

大皇后八不沙(乃馬真氏)^+# - 皇后按出罕 - 皇后月鲁沙 - 皇后不颜忽鲁都 - 皇后野苏 - 皇后脱忽思 - 皇后阿梯里

大皇后答納失里(伯岳吾氏)^+# - 大皇后伯顏忽都(弘吉剌氏)⁺ - 普顯皇后完者忽都（奇洛）⁺- 第三皇后木纳失里(弘吉剌氏)

北元皇后

元昭宗	大皇后權氏 - 皇后金氏

追封皇后

元烈祖	宣懿皇后訶額侖(斡勒忽訥氏)

元睿宗	莊聖皇后唆鲁禾帖尼(克烈氏)

元裕宗	徽仁皇后伯藍也怯赤(弘吉剌氏)

元成宗	貞慈皇后失怜答里(弘吉剌氏)

元順宗	昭獻皇后答己(弘吉剌氏)

元武宗	仁獻皇后寿童(亦乞烈氏) - 文獻皇后唐兀氏

元顯宗	宣懿皇后普顏怯里迷失(弘吉剌氏)

元明宗	貞裕皇后邁來迪(罕禄鲁氏)

其他皇帝正室

元定宗	元妃乌兀儿黑迷失(蔑儿乞氏)

注：：⁺者为受皇后策宝的皇后。^#者为生前被废或身后被剥夺皇后资格。^~者为生前被废、身后再追封为皇后。大皇后为没有得到追谥的正宫皇后。

分类：

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%91%E5%98%89%E7%9A%87%E8%B2%B4%E5%A6%83

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/淑嘉皇貴妃

淑嘉皇貴妃[编辑]

维基百科，自由的百科全书

跳到导航跳到搜索

淑嘉皇贵妃金佳氏
淑嘉皇貴妃
國家	大清
姓名	金氏（金佳氏）
封號	嘉
位號	金格格→嘉贵人→嘉嬪→嘉妃→嘉贵妃→淑嘉皇贵妃（追封）
出生	康熙五十二年七月二十五日（1713年9月14日）
逝世	乾隆二十年十一月十五日（1755年12月17日）（43歲）大清北京紫禁城啟祥宮
谥号	淑嘉皇貴妃
墓葬	清裕陵
親屬
父親	金三寶
夫	高宗純皇帝弘曆
夫之父	世宗憲皇帝胤禛
夫之嫡母	孝敬憲皇后烏拉那拉氏
夫之母	孝聖憲皇后鈕祜祿氏
夫之元配	孝賢純皇后富察氏
夫之繼室	继皇后辉发那拉氏
夫之側室	孝儀純皇后魏佳氏
兄弟	金簡
子	皇四子履端親王永珹皇八子儀慎親王永璇皇九子（早殤）皇十一子成哲親王永瑆

淑嘉皇贵妃（1713年9月14日－1755年12月17日），初隸索羅豁滿洲包衣，乾隆帝之皇貴妃，後奉旨抬入正黃旗滿洲旗分，姓氏改寫為金佳氏。上駟院卿金三寶之女，其兄為吏部尚書金簡。

早期生平[编辑]

康熙五十二年七月二十五日出生。

雍正五年(1727年)，皇四子弘曆在成婚前已有格格八九人，推測金氏已在其中^[1]。雍正十三年九月，皇四子弘歷登極後，封格格金氏為金貴人。长芦巡盐御史三保曾奏请进京，並且叩谒梓宫。乾隆帝則在三保奏折上墨批，告诫金貴人的戚属要为国尽忠，不要因金貴人在宮中而有任何恃恩之念。

乾隆二年五月十一日(1737年6月8日)，詔封金貴人為嬪。內閣典籍廳為金氏晉封為嬪所擬的字樣有「令、婉、嘉、粹」四字，乾隆帝從中選擇了嘉字，同年十二月初四日，正式冊封為嘉嫔^[2]。

乾隆四年（1739年）正月十四日卯時，生皇四子永珹。乾隆六年（1741年）二月十三日，奉皇太后懿旨，冊封為嘉妃，另有三位贵人一同晋封为嫔^[3]。同年二月十六日，长芦盐政、武备院卿金三保為嘉嫔奉旨册封为妃而上了一道謝恩折，奏摺提到嘉妃為他的長女。

乾隆十年（1745年) 三月初三日，據《雍和宮滿文檔案譯編》記載，帝后等人前往慧賢皇貴妃金棺停靈的六股道殯宮致祭。內務府共使用了四輛牛車接送后妃位下的太監。檔案中的漢文清單可知西暖殿皇后位下的太監獨自乘坐一輛牛車，第二輛牛車由翊坤宮嫻貴妃和長春宮嘉妃位下的太監乘坐，第三輛牛車由景仁宮純貴妃和永和宮愉妃位下的太監乘坐；最後一輛牛車則由承乾宮舒嬪、延禧宮怡嬪和永壽宮令嬪位下的太監乘坐。由此可見，乾隆初年居住在長春宮的內庭主位應為嘉妃金氏，並非孝賢純皇后富察氏。

乾隆十一年（1746年）七月十五日午時，生皇八子永璇。

後期生平[编辑]

乾隆十三年（1748年) 七月初一日，乾隆帝因嘉妃將要臨盆而詔封其為貴妃；同年七月初九日亥時，生皇九子。乾隆十四年（1749年）四月初五日，正式册封为嘉贵妃^[4]。礼部原拟按慧贤皇贵妃初封贵妃礼仪受礼，惟乾隆帝要求嘉贵妃应按乾隆十年娴贵妃和纯贵妃晋封贵妃的礼仪执行，即不享有公主王妃命妇行礼的待遇。

乾隆十七年（1752年）二月初七日辰時，生皇十一子永瑆；五月二十八日，领侍卫内大臣汪扎尔上奏宮廷用过银叶数目時，稱五福堂遇喜处所用吉祥摇车和摇车架子各一份，俱照例已向广储司领用。五福堂在当时是皇子皇女的出生地，而非内廷妃嬪日常生活起居的住所。由此可知，嘉贵妃金氏在五福堂生皇十一子永瑆^[5]。

乾隆十七年七月二十五日，舉行了嘉贵妃四十千秋慶典，按例恩赐物品八十一件。不久之後的十月十七日，已故孝賢純皇后、慧賢皇貴妃和哲憫皇貴妃靈柩葬入裕陵妃園寝，乾隆帝帶同當時的皇后輝發那拉氏、嘉貴妃金氏、怡嬪柏氏、穎嬪巴林氏等人前往清東陵，參與此三人的奉安典禮。皇后那拉氏和嘉貴妃更隨乾隆帝巡視裕陵地宮。由此可見，嘉貴妃所出的兒子在皇位繼承人的候選名單內。

乾隆二十年 (1755年) 十一月十五日，嘉貴妃金氏薨逝，享年四十三歲。據祭文所述，金氏是死於疢疾，即因高溫或體溫不正常地上升而引起的疾病，有可能為中暑、熱衰竭等。翌日，乾隆帝追封其為皇貴妃，十一月十七日，賜謚為淑嘉皇貴妃，棺槨暫安於东直门外靜安莊殯宮。时为中宫皇后的輝發那拉氏因懷孕而缺席了致祭淑嘉皇贵妃的几次活动。清宮檔案記載嘉妃的滿文意思是“温和之妃”，而淑嘉皇贵妃的滿文意思則为“温和、应当嘉奖的皇贵妃”。

乾隆二十二年 (1757年) 十月二十三日，淑嘉皇贵妃金棺送往东陵圣水峪陵寝安葬，帝后、舒妃等內庭主位親自到靜安莊殯宮臨送淑嘉皇貴妃金棺，同年十一月初二日，金棺葬入裕陵地宮。裕陵隆恩殿西暖閣內的神龕內安設三位皇貴妃的神牌，居中為慧賢皇貴妃，東側為哲憫皇貴妃，西側為淑嘉皇貴妃。

金氏生前僅為貴妃，去世後亦僅被追封為皇貴妃，但她位居貴妃之位時的朝冠頂珠已為皇后的規制。乾隆二十三年敬事房收貯兩座已故淑嘉皇貴妃尚為貴妃時穿戴過的兩座朝冠，一座是三鳳朝冠頂，飾有重一錢二釐的頭等大正珠一顆，一座是樺皮三鳳朝冠頂，飾有重一錢的大東珠一顆。按照《國朝宮史》的制度，貴妃朝冠飾應為三等大珍珠，只有皇太后和皇后才能享有三等大東珠。而嘉貴妃的兩具朝冠飾分別飾有頭等大正珠及大東珠，均逾制。嘉慶四年三月，淑嘉皇貴妃之家族抬入正黃旗滿洲旗分，姓氏亦满化为金佳氏。

影视作品[编辑]

電視劇

年份	劇名	演員	剧中姓名	劇中稱謂
2005	少年嘉慶	岳秀清	金佳氏	嘉貴妃
2018	延禧攻略	潘时七	金氏	大嘉嫔：嘉嬪→嘉貴人→金答應(被送進北三所) 小嘉嫔：嘉嬪→嘉妃
2018	如懿傳	辛芷蕾	金玉妍	嘉貴妃

參考文獻[编辑]

^ 《清史稿·列传一·后妃》淑嘉皇贵妃，金佳氏。事高宗潜邸，为贵人。乾隆初，封嘉妃，进嘉贵妃。薨，谥曰淑嘉皇贵妃，葬胜水峪。子四：永珹，永璇，永瑆；其一殇，未命名。
^ 《清实录·乾隆朝实录·卷之五十八》乾隆二年。丁巳。十二月......○丁亥。上礼服。御太和殿。宣制。命保和殿大学士鄂尔泰为正使。户部尚书海望为副使。持节。赍册宝。册立嫡妃富察氏为皇后......命礼部尚书任兰枝为正使。内阁学士吴家骐为副使。持节。册封贵人金氏为嘉嫔。册文曰。朕惟赞宫庭而敷化。淑德丕昭。班位号以分荣。恩光式焕。珩璜克叶。纶綍攸加。尔贵人金氏、早毓名门。夙禀温恭之度。久勤内职。备娴敬慎之仪。兹仰承皇太后慈谕。册封尔为嘉嫔。尔其象服钦承。履谦和而迓福。鸿禧永荷。懋敦顺以凝祥。钦哉。
^ 《清实录·乾隆朝实录·卷之一百三十六》乾隆六年。辛酉。二月......○戊申。上诣皇太后宫问安。○谕、钦奉皇太后懿旨。嘉嫔著晋封妃。贵人海氏、贵人柏氏、贵人叶赫勒氏俱著封嫔。钦此。所有应行典礼。交与该部察例具奏。
^ 《清实录·乾隆朝实录·卷之三百三十八》乾隆十四年。己巳。夏四月。戊寅朔......○又谕曰。皇贵妃、嘉贵妃、令妃、舒妃、婉嫔初五日进册宝仪注。内开初六日行谢恩礼......○壬午。上御太和殿宣制......命大学士史贻直为正使、礼部尚书王安国为副使。持节册封嘉妃金氏为贵妃。册文曰。朕惟赞雅化于椒涂。质推柔顺。协令仪于彤管。德重幽闲。爰考彝章。式颁纶綍。尔嘉妃金氏、祇奉女箴。凛遵内则。恪勤有素。膺褕翟之光华。婉顺靡愆。叶珩璜之矩度。兹仰承皇太后慈谕、以册宝封尔为贵妃。尔其常怀敬慎。迓景福于方来。弥事谦冲。荷鸿禧于有永。钦哉。
^ 清宮檔案有載：「为奏闻用过银叶数目事，准营造司郎中穆隆阿等文开，五福堂遇喜处所用吉祥摇车一分、摇车架子一分，所有鋄银铁式件见新修理锭给等因前来......俱照例已向广储司领用，为此谨题奏闻。」

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：淑嘉皇貴妃

[隐藏] 查论编清高宗皇室

父母	世宗宪皇帝胤禛孝聖憲皇后鈕祜祿氏_尊封

兄弟	_{追赠端亲王}弘暉_长 · 弘昐 · 弘昀_次 · 弘時_三 · _和恭亲王弘昼_五 · 福宜 · _{追赠怀亲王}福惠 · 福沛 · _果恭郡王弘曕_六

姊妹	皇长女 · 和硕怀恪公主_次 · 皇三女 · 皇四女

养兄弟	_理郡王弘㬙 · _辅国公弘晥 · 永璥

养姊妹	和硕淑慎公主 · 和硕和惠公主 · 和硕端柔公主

后妃	孝賢純皇后富察氏 · 继皇后辉发那拉氏 · 孝儀純皇后魏佳氏_追赠 · 慧賢皇貴妃高佳氏 · 哲憫皇貴妃富察氏_追赠 · 純惠皇貴妃苏氏 · 淑嘉皇貴妃金佳氏_追赠 · 慶恭皇貴妃陆氏_追赠 · 愉貴妃珂里叶特氏_追赠 · 婉貴妃陈氏 · 颖贵妃巴林氏 · 忻貴妃戴佳氏_追赠 · 循贵妃伊尔根觉罗氏_追赠 · 舒妃叶赫勒氏 · 豫妃博尔济吉特氏 · 容妃和卓氏 · 惇妃汪氏 · 晋妃富察氏 · 芳妃陈氏 · 儀嬪黃氏 · 怡嬪柏氏 · 恂嬪霍硕特氏_追赠 · 慎嫔拜尔噶斯氏 · 恭嫔林氏 · 誠嬪钮祜祿氏 · 顺贵人钮祜祿氏 · 鄂貴人西林觉罗氏 · 瑞貴人索绰络氏 · 祿貴人陆氏 · 壽貴人 · 秀貴人索淖洛氏 · 白貴人柏氏 · 武贵人 · 金貴人 · 新貴人 · 福貴人 · 揆常在 · 定貴人 · 寧常在 · 平常在 · 張常在 · 祥答应 · 答應某氏 · 莞答應 · 格格某氏 · 格格某氏 · 官女子某氏

皇子	_{追赠定安亲王}永璜 · _{追赠端慧皇太子}永琏 · _{追赠循郡王}永璋 · _{追赠履端亲王}永珹 · _荣纯亲王永琪 · _质庄亲王永瑢 · _{追赠哲亲王}永琮 · _仪慎亲王永璇 · 皇九子 · 皇十子 · _成哲亲王永瑆 · _追赠贝勒永璂 · 永璟 · 永璐 · 永琰_清仁宗 · 皇十六子 · _庆僖亲王永璘

皇女	皇長女 · 皇次女 · 固伦和敬公主 · 和硕和嘉公主 · 皇五女 · 皇六女 · 固伦和静公主 · 皇八女 · 和硕和恪公主 · 固伦和孝公主

前朝：清世宗皇室 · 后朝：清仁宗皇室

分类：

During the winter of 342, the Xianbei of Former Yan, ruled by the Murong clan, attacked and destroyed Goguryeo's capital, Hwando, capturing 50,000 Goguryeo men and women to use as slave labor in addition to taking the queen mother and queen prisoner and exhuming the body of Micheon,[40] and forced Gogukwon to flee for a while. The Xianbei also devastated Buyeo in 346, accelerating Buyeo migration to the Korean peninsula.[38]

https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=EazRC28tdIIC&pg=PA4

Chinul (1991). Buswell, Robert E. (ed.). Tracing Back the Radiance: Chinul's Korean Way of Zen. Translated by Robert E. Buswell (abridged ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 4. ISBN 0824814274.

https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=Xn85nFTAX8EC&pg=PA22

Tennant, Charles Roger (1996). A History of Korea. Routledge. p. 22. ISBN 9780710305329. Soon after, the Wei fell to the Jin and Koguryŏ grew stronger, until in 313 they finally succeeded in occupying Lelang and bringing to an end the 400 years of China's presence in the peninsula, a period sufficient to ensure that for the next 1,500 it would remain firmly within the sphere of its culture. After the fall of the Jin in 316, the proto-Mongol Xianbei occupied the North of China, of which the Murong clan took the Shandong area, moved up to the Liao, and in 341 sacked and burned the Koguryŏ capital at Hwando. They took away some thousands of prisoners to provide cheap labour to build more walls of their own, and in 346 went on to wreak even greater destruction on Puyŏ, hastening what seems to have been a continuing migration of its people into the north-eastern area of the peninsula, but Koguryŏ, though temporarily weakened, would soon rebuild its walls and continue to expand.

dutch shipwrecked korea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_Hamel

https://kingdombythesea.nl/site/en/blogs/dutch-marco-polo-discovered-korea/

http://www.jejuweekly.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=238

https://en.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20170816123000341

https://www.worldheritagesite.org/connection/Hendrick+Hamel+

https://www.reddit.com/r/HistoryAnecdotes/comments/6op87s/shipwrecked_dutch_sailors_in_joseon_korea_are/

https://www.reddit.com/r/HistoryAnecdotes/comments/6k70z0/dutch_sailors_shipwrecked_and_detained_in_joseon/

https://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/3908

https://gwangjunewsgic.com/arts-culture/korean-myths/do-byeongyeong-koreans-have-dutch-ancestors/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byeongyeong_Nam_clan

Byeongyeong Nam clan (Korean: 병영 남씨; Hanja: 兵營南氏) was one of the Korean clans. During Joseon period, the ship of Hendrick Hamel’s group had an accident and was adrift in Jeolla Province. After that, a member of Hendrick Hamel's group married a Korean woman, and his descendant was Byeongyeong Nam clan.[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_clan_names_of_foreign_origin

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%96%B6%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%8F

兵営南氏(朝鮮語: 병영남씨)は、朝鮮の氏族の一つ。

李氏朝鮮時代にオランダのホルクム出身のヘンドリック・ハメル一行が遭難して全羅道に漂流し、現地の朝鮮人女性と結婚したが、その子孫が兵営南氏である。

Hendrick Hamel - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org wiki Hendrick_Hamel

DUTCH MARCO POLO 'DISCOVERED' KOREA - MarkMedia ...
https://kingdombythesea.nl site blogs dutch-marco...

제주위클리 모바일 사이트, Not what they signed on for
http://www.jejuweekly.com news articleView

Memorial for shipwrecked Dutch crewmen | Yonhap News ...
https://en.yna.co.kr All News

Hendrick Hamel - World Heritage Site - Pictures, Info and ...
https://www.worldheritagesite.org connection Hendr...

Shipwrecked Dutch sailors in Joseon Korea are told they are ...
https://www.reddit.com HistoryAnecdotes comments

Dutch sailors shipwrecked and detained in Joseon Korea ...
https://www.reddit.com HistoryAnecdotes comments

Hendrick Hamel, Journal Kingdom of Korea, 1668 - Timeline ...
https://www.timelineindex.com content view

Do Byeongyeong Koreans Have Dutch Ancestors? - Gwangju ...
https://gwangjunewsgic.com korean-myths do-byeo...

https://shipsofscale.com/sosforums/threads/17th-of-april-today-in-naval-history-naval-maritime-events-in-history.2104/page-103#post-52322

Dutch prisoners
During the Siege of Fort Zeelandia the Chinese took many Dutch prisoners, among them the Dutch missionary Antonius Hambroek and his wife, and two of their daughters. Koxinga sent Hambroek to Fort Zeelandia to persuade the garrison to surrender; if unsuccessful, Hambroek would be killed upon return. Hambroek went up to the Fort, where two of his other daughters still remained, and urged the garrison to not surrender. He subsequently returned to Koxinga's camp and was beheaded. Additionally, a rumor was spread among the Chinese that the Dutch were encouraging the native Taiwan aboriginals to kill Chinese. In retaliation, Koxinga ordered the mass execution of Dutch male prisoners, mostly by crucifixion and decapitation with a few women and children also being killed. The remainder of the Dutch women and children went into slavery, with Koxinga taking Hambroek's teenage daughter as his concubine (she was described by the Dutch commander Caeuw as "a very sweet and pleasing maiden", and some sources report her submission to have been voluntary) while other Dutch women were sold to Chinese soldiers to become their (secondary) wives or mistresses. The daily journal of the Dutch fort recorded that "the best were preserved for the use of the commanders, and the rest were sold to the common soldiers. Happy was she that fell to the lot of an unmarried man, being thereby freed from vexations by the Chinese women, who are very jealous of their husbands." The Chinese took Dutch women as slave concubines and wives and they were never freed: in 1684 some were reported to be still living. In Quemoy a Dutch merchant was contacted with an arrangement to release the prisoners which was proposed by a son of Koxinga's but it came to nothing. Some Caucasian physical traits like auburn and red hair among people in regions of south Taiwan are most likely a consequence of this episode of Dutch women becoming concubines to the Chinese commanders.

The Chinese taking Dutch women as concubines was featured in Joannes Nomsz's famous play "Antonius Hambroek, of de Belegering van Formoza" ("Antonius Hambroek, or the Siege of Formosa"), which documented European anxieties at the fate of the Dutch women and defeat by non-Europeans.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Zeelandia#Dutch_prisoners

Dutch prisoners

During the siege of Fort Zeelandia, the Chinese took many Dutch prisoners, among them the Dutch missionary Antonius Hambroek and his wife, and two of their daughters. Koxinga sent Hambroek to Fort Zeelandia to persuade the garrison to surrender; if unsuccessful, Hambroek would be killed upon return. Hambroek went up to the Fort, where two of his other daughters still remained, and urged the garrison to not surrender. He subsequently returned to Koxinga's camp and was beheaded. Additionally, a rumor was spread among the Chinese that the Dutch were encouraging the native Taiwan aboriginals to kill Chinese. In retaliation, Koxinga ordered the mass execution of Dutch male prisoners,^[33] mostly by crucifixion and decapitation^[34] with a few women and children also being killed. The remainder of the Dutch women and children were enslaved, with Koxinga taking Hambroek's teenage daughter as his concubine (she was described by the Dutch commander Caeuw as "a very sweet and pleasing maiden", while other Dutch women were sold to Chinese soldiers to become their (secondary) wives or mistresses.^[35]^[36]^[37] The daily journal of the Dutch fort recorded that "the best were preserved for the use of the commanders, and the rest were sold to the common soldiers. Happy was she that fell to the lot of an unmarried man, being thereby freed from vexations by the Chinese women, who are very jealous of their husbands."^[38] The Chinese took Dutch women as slave concubines and wives and they were never freed: in 1684 some were reported to be still living. In Quemoy a Dutch merchant was contacted with an arrangement to release the prisoners which was proposed by a son of Koxinga's but it came to nothing.^[39]^[40]^[41]

The Chinese taking Dutch women as concubines was featured in Joannes Nomsz's famous play "Antonius Hambroek, of de Belegering van Formoza" ("Antonius Hambroek, or the Siege of Formosa"), which documented European anxieties at the fate of the Dutch women and defeat by non-Europeans.^[42]

https://archive.is/dpZOJ

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_Hambroek

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Antonius Hambroek

Born	1607 Rotterdam, Dutch Republic
Died	July 21, 1661 Taiwan
Nationality	Dutch

Antonius Hambroek (1607 – 21 July 1661) was a Dutch missionary to Formosa from 1648 to 1661^[1] during the Dutch colonial era. He was martyred by Koxinga as the Chinese-Japanese warlord wrested Taiwan from the Dutch.^[2] Koxinga had captured Hambroek along with his wife and three of his children, and sent him as a messenger to Frederik Coyett, the Governor of Formosa, to demand the surrender of the Dutch garrison at Fort Zeelandia and the abandonment of their colony. Koxinga promised the missionary death should he return with a displeasing answer; Coyett refused to surrender and Hambroek was executed on his return to Koxinga's camp.^[3]

After the Siege of Fort Zeelandia, Koxinga took Hambroek's teenage daughter as a concubine.^[4]^[5] Other Dutch women were sold to Chinese soldiers to become their wives.^[6]

Antonius Hambroek, or the Siege of Formosa

Antonius Hambroek takes leave of his daughters before being sent away, historical painting by Jan Willem Pieneman in 1810

The playwright Joannes Nomsz wrote a tragedy for the stage in 1775 about the martyrdom of Hambroek, "Antonius Hambroek, of de Belegering van Formoza" rendered in English as "Antonius Hambroek, or the Siege of Formosa",^[7]^[8] sealing the missionary's fame in Holland.

The topic of the Chinese taking the Dutch women and the daughter of Antonius Hambroek as concubines was featured in Joannes Nomsz's play which became famous and well known in Europe which revealed European anxiety at the fate of the Dutch women and being subjected to defeat by non-Europeans.^[9]

References[edit]

^ Andrade, Tonio (2005). "Appendix B". How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. Columbia University Press.
^ Asia in the Making of Europe. Book 2, South Asia. p. 279. ISBN 978-0-226-46765-8.
^ "Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek (New Dutch Biographical Dictionary)" (in Dutch). Retrieved 2008-12-18.
^ Samuel H. Moffett (1998). A History of Christianity in Asia: 1500-1900. VOLUME II (2, illustrated ed.). Orbis Books. p. 222. ISBN 1-57075-450-0. Retrieved Dec 20, 2011.(Volume 2 of A History of Christianity in Asia, Samuel H. Moffett Volume 36 of American Society of Missiology series)
^ Free China review, Volume 11. W.Y. Tsao. 1961. p. 54. Retrieved Dec 20, 2011.
^ Jonathan Manthorpe (2008). Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan (illustrated ed.). Macmillan. p. 77. ISBN 0-230-61424-8. Retrieved Dec 20, 2011.
^ Nomsz, Joannes (1775). "Antonius Hambroek, of de Belegering van Formoza". Universiteit Leiden. AMSTELDAM: IZAAK DUIM, op den Cingel, tusschen de Warmoesgracht, en de Drie-Koningstraat.
^ Andrade, Tonio (2011). Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West. Princeton University Press. p. 5. ISBN 0691144559. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
^ Ernie (June 1, 2012). "Koxinga the Pirate". China Expat.

https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/SK-A-4269

http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/collectie/SK-A-4269

Nederlands: De zelfopoffering van predikant Hambroeck op Formosa (Taiwan), 24 mei 1661, Links de Nederlanders verschanst in het fort Zeelandia, waaronder zijn twee dochters, door Hambroeck aangespoord tot volharding. Rechts enkele van de Chinese begeleiders.

1810

De_zelfopoffering_van_predikant_Hambroeck_op_Formosa%2C_1662_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-4269.jpeg

http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/Dutch/Ceneton/NomszHambroek1775.html

1776

Shi Tianze (Shih T'ien-tse) of the northern Han (Chinese) or Black (Hei) army in the Mongol empire and Yuan dynasty against the Jurchen Jin dynasty and southern Song dynasty.

Wu Xian (Wu Hsien), a Han deputy revolted against his Han commander Shi Tianni (Shih T'ien-ni) and attempted to restore Jin control against the Mongols when the Southern Song and Mongols were fighting the Jin dynasty.

Shi Tianni's brother Shi Tianze (Shih T'ien-tse) defeated Wu Xian and helped the Mongols defeat the Jurchen.

Mongols appointed Han Chinese defectors as hereditary feudal warlords (shih-hou) in northern China.

During the Jin dynasty-Yuan dynasty transition Han Chinese men like general Shi Tianze (Shih T'ien-tse) married a Korean woman (Li) and 2 Jurchen women (Na-ho and Mo-nien (Nahe and Monian). The Korean woman was from Mongol war booty and loot in Goryeo. His principle wife was a Han woman also surnamed Shih (Shi).

His Han father Shi Bingzhi (Shih Ping-chih) married a Jurchen woman (Na-ho aka Nahe) and a Han woman (Chang aka Zhang).

Zhang Rou (Chang Jou) of the northern Han (Chinese) or Black (Hei) army in the Mongol empire and Yuan dynasty against the Jurchen Jin dynasty and southern Song dynasty.

Yan Shi (Yen Shih) of the northern Han (Chinese) or Black (Hei) army in the Mongol empire and Yuan dynasty against the Jurchen Jin dynasty and southern Song dynasty.

Defection of Han Chinese officers and soldiers to the Mongols and Southern Song was a major factor in the collapse of the Jin dynasty and the Jurchens were crushed.

Han (Chinese) Tumen General Shi Tianze's son Shi Gang married a Mongol Kerait woman. His aunt was married to Muqali, in the Mongol empire, later Yuan dynasty.

A Mongol Borjigin princess was married to Han Chinese Southern Song Emperor Gong of Song (Zhao Xian) after he surrendered Hangzhou (Lin'an) to Kublai Khan in the Yuan dynasty (Mongol empire)

Mongol empire ruler Genghis Khan forced the Jurchen Jin dynasty to give him an Imperial Jurchen princess Qi (quguo) of the Jurchen Wanyan royal family so he could rape and marry her.

The Mongol empire Yuan dynasty distributed Korean women captured from Goryeo (Koryŏ) to Han Chinese soldiers of the Southern Song dynasty so these troops would defect to the Yuan dynasty.

The Jurchen Jin dynasty distributed Khitan princesses and concubines to the captured Han Chinese Southern Song imperial princes of the Zhao royal family.

Mongol empire Yuan dynasty military army structure, Mongol army (Menggu jun), Tammachi army, Han jun (Chinese army) Hei jun (Black army) (Jin dynasty defectors) and Newly Submitted (Xinfu jun) army (Southern Song dynasty defectors)

Han (Chinese) Tumens led by Chinese defectors like Shi Tianze, Zhang Rou and Khitan Tumens led by defectors like Yelü Liuge opened the gates of cities and walls all over Manchuria and northern China against the Jurchen.

Shi Tianze's son Shi Gang married a Mongol Kerait woman.

The Jurchen hated the Khitan because the Khitan used to regularly rape Jurchen. The Khitan frequently raped Jurchen girls and Khitan nobles practiced right of first night with Jurchen women when the Khitan ruled the Jurchen.

China Under Jurchen Rule: Essays on Chin Intellectual and Cultural History
Liao envoys, for example, had customarily demanded Jurchen girls for bed partners and sometimes took married Jurchen women forcibly to bed for the night (Franke 1990, 415).

The Han Chinese Shi family defected to the Mongols and led a Han Chinese Tumen in the Mongol empire's army to destroy the Jurchen in the Jin dynasty.They intermarried with Mongols. The Han Chinese Tumen General Shi Tianze had Jurchen and Korean wives and his son Shi Gang was married to a Mongol-Turkic Kerait woman while Shi Gang's aunt was married to Muqali.

Han Chinese Tumen General Shi Tianze destroyed the 80,000 man Jurchen army led by Jin Jurchen Prince Wanyan Chengyi at Pucheng, opening the way to besiege the Jin Wanyan Jurchen princes in the capital Kaifeng.

Kaifeng was won when a Han Chinese officer named Cui Li defected and opened one of the gates for the Mongols.

The Khitan royal descendant of the Liao, Yelu Chucai, who had previously looked on and said nothing to defend the Tangut civilians while the Tangut capita Xingqingl in Western Xia was sacked by the Mongols, persuaded the Mongol commanders not to harm the Han civilian of Kaifeng. The Mongols then ordered the people of Kaifeng to turn over all Jin Jurchen Waynan princes so they could brutally execute them.

Shi Tianze's son Shi Gang married a Mongol Kerait woman.

Kaifeng was won when a Han Chinese officer named Cui Li defected and opened one of the gates for the Mongols.

The Khitan royal descendant of the Liao, Yelu Chucai, who had previously looked on and said nothing to defend the Tangut civilians while the Tangut capita Xingqing in Western Xia was sacked by the Mongols, persuaded the Mongol commanders not to harm the Han civilian of Kaifeng. The Mongols then ordered the people of Kaifeng to turn over all Jin Jurchen Waynan princes so they could brutally execute them.

A Han Chinese scholar official, Zhou Xianchen (1188-1262) who was skilled in martial arts led a militia against the Mongols in his town in 1216 and then defected to the Mongols. His brother passed the civil service exams and he was supposed to as well. The Mongols made him a hereditary feudal warlord in northern Shanxi province, Dingxiang town. One of the passes in the Jin border wall, Yanmen was immediately north of Dingxiang. Zhou Xianchen became a military local fuedal warlord instead of a scholar-official examination candidate. He ruled Dingxiang as Shihou (hereditary vassal), the title awarded to him by the Mongols for his military service to the Mongol empire. He cooperated with Quanzhen Daoists to help rebuild the social order in northern China. Quanzhen nun Guo Shouwei worked with Zhou Xianchen.

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無原因：明太祖封之	明衛國國王 1378年－1392年	空缺下一位持有相同頭銜者：恭王朱瞻埏
無原因：明太祖改封之	明遼國國王 1392年－1424年	繼任者：子朱貴烚

前任者：伯颜忽都	元朝皇后 1365年—1370年	繼任者：權皇后
		繼任者：明朝马皇后
		繼任者：明夏彭皇后

年份	電視台	劇名	演員	剧中姓名	劇中稱謂
2005	MBC	辛旽	金慧利	奇氏	奇皇后
2013	MBC	奇皇后	河智苑	奇承娘	奇皇后

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