Hydrocephalus is usually referred to as "water on the brain" by the general public. The water in hydrocephalus is really cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which has accumulated in the brain as a result of an imbalance in the amount of CSF produced versus the amount the body can absorb. CSF normally travels through the brain cavities continuously, acting as a shock absorber and supplying critical nutrients before being absorbed into the bloodstream. The proper flow of CSF is disrupted by hydrocephalus, resulting in an accumulation of CSF that puts pressure on the brain.
Hydrocephalus can be congenital (existing before birth) or acquired (occurring after birth). There are two types: those who communicate and those who do not. CSF is blocked after exiting the brain's ventricles in a case of communicating hydrocephalus. An obstruction between one ventricle and the other causes non-communicating cases.
WHAT CAUSES IT?
Hydrocephalus affects one to two persons out of every 1,000. It can be caused by genetic abnormalities or developmental issues, albeit the actual cause isn't usually obvious. This can result in long-term problems and symptoms. A head injury, infection, brain tumor, or brain hemorrhage, on the other hand, can cause acquired hydrocephalus.
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that affects the elderly more frequently and produces memory problems that are usually misinterpreted as Alzheimer's disease. The NPH is frequently misdiagnosed, with only about 20% of people receiving a proper diagnosis and treatment. As a result, it's critical to consult a neurosurgeon with vast experience diagnosing NPH, such as a Neurosurgeon in Aurangabad at Pentagon Hospital. Injury, infection, tumor, or inflammation are the most common causes of this type of hydrocephalus.
WHAT ARE HYDROCEPHALUS SYMPTOMS?
The symptoms of hydrocephalus differ based on the cause and type. The following are some of the most prevalent symptoms seen in young adults:
- Chronic headaches
- Blurred or double vision
- Vomiting, nausea, and drowsiness
- Impaired bladder control
- Difficulty walking
- Memory loss
- Vomiting, nausea, and drowsiness
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus can damage the neurological areas that regulate the legs and bladder, as well as cognitive processes, later in life, resulting in:
- Dementia (affecting memory, concentration, and interest in daily activities)
- Difficulty walking
- Urinary incontinence
HOW IS HYDROCEPHALUS TREATED?
There are a few common approaches, each of which is suitable for different situations. However, if caught early enough, a patient can totally recover with no more issues.
- ENDOSCOPIC THIRD VENTRICULOSTOMY
The primary purpose of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), a non-invasive alternative to shunt systems, is to eliminate a patient's shunt dependency. This minimally invasive treatment employs an endoscope to puncture the third ventricle and discharge CSF buildup, allowing fluid to flow freely over the surface of the brain and resorb as it should.
Shunts are useful in several situations, but studies reveal that ETV has a 65-70 percent success rate when a shunt malfunctions. It's a one-time procedure, unlike shunts, which may need to be revised, and it may be preferable in circumstances when there's an obstruction, such as a tumor. It also preserves all CSF within the brain and spinal cord, rather than directing it to other parts of the body.
- MEDICATIONS
Acetazolamide and furosemide, in particular, appear to lower CSF levels via acting on the choroid plexus, the intraventricular tissue that creates the fluid. However, relying only on medication to cure hydrocephalus is ineffective, and it should only be used as a last resort or when other options are unavailable.
So, which is the better option? There isn't a single answer that applies to all situations. Age, health, previous surgeries, and other considerations all have a role. Shunt systems are the most prevalent and well-documented, however, in some circumstances (such as obstructive hydrocephalus), ETV may be a preferable option. In the end, it's up to the patient's disease and the neurosurgeon's option to assess a therapy menu and pick which is ideal for their specific circumstances.
WHAT’S THE OUTLOOK FOR PATIENTS?
Hydrocephalus has a relatively high survival rate when treated early and appropriately. Many people live long and unconstrained lives after treatment. In senior patients, shunt treatment can potentially reverse dementia symptoms. Unfortunately, hydrocephalus does not go away on its own, so if you start experiencing symptoms, you should make an appointment with your doctor and get the therapy you need.
Pentagon Hospital's Neurosurgeons in Aurangabad are compassionate experts who are well-versed in the most cutting-edge procedures. Your diagnosis and treatment will be in the best hands possible, because of our considerable experience treating neurosurgical problems. Make an appointment with Pentagon Hospital today for a consultation.