SN 54.13 Ānāpānasati (Mindfulness of Breathing) |
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Transl: Bodhi/Thanissaro/Others (blue) |
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Pali - PTS |
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Then the Venerable Ananda approached the Blessed One, paid homage to him, sat down to one side, and said to him:
"Venerable sir, is there one thing which, when developed and cultivated, fulfils four things? And four things which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil (brings to completion) seven things? And seven things which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil two things?" |
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Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca:
"atthi nu kho bhante, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro dhamme paripūreti. Cattāro dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta dhamme paripūrenti. Satta dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā dve dhamme paripūrentī"ti. |
"There is, Ananda, one thing which, when developed and cultivated, fulfils four things; and four things which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil seven things; and seven things which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil two things." |
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"Atthi kho ānanda, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro dhamme paripūreti. Cattāro dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā sattadhamme paripūrenti. Sattadhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā dve dhamme paripūrenti"ti. |
"But, venerable sir, what is the one thing which, when developed and cultivated, fulfils four things; and the four things which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil seven things; and the seven things which, when developed and cultivated, fulfil two things? " |
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"Katamo pana bhante, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro dhamme paripūreti, cattāro dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta dhamme paripūrenti. Satta dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā dve dhamme paripūrentī"ti. |
"Concentration by mindfulness (recollection) of breathing, kanda, is the one thing which, when developed and cultivated, fulfils the four establishments of mindfulness. The four establishments of mindfulness, when developed and cultivated, fulfil the seven factors of enlightenment. The seven factors of enlightenment, when developed and cultivated, fulfil true knowledge and liberation. |
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Ānāpānasatisamādhi kho ānanda, eko dhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti. Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti. Satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā bahulikatā vijjāvimuttiṃ paripūrenti. |
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Four establishments of |
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Cattāro Satipaṭṭhānā |
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Discerning, and training to be sensitive to the body.
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"How, Ananda, is concentration by mindfulness of breathing developed and cultivated so that it fulfils the four establishments of mindfulness? |
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Kathaṃ bhāvito ca ānanda, ānāpānasatisamādhi kathaṃ bahulīkato cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti: |
Here, Ananda, a bhikkhu, having gone to the forest, to the foot of a tree, or to an empty hut, sits down. Having folded his legs crosswise, straightened his body, and set up mindfulness in front of him, just mindful he breathes in, mindful he breathes out. |
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Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So sato'va assasati. Sato passasati. |
Discerning (pajānāti): |
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[1] Breathing in long, he discerns, 'I am breathing in long'; |
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Dīghaṃ vā assasanto dīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti. |
or breathing out long, he discerns, 'I am breathing out long.' |
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Dīghaṃ vā passasanto dīghaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti. |
[2] Or breathing in short, he discerns, 'I am breathing in short'; |
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Rassaṃ vā assasanto rassaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti. |
or breathing out short, he discerns, 'I am breathing out short.' |
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Rassaṃ vā passasanto rassaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti. |
Training (sikkhati): |
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[3] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to the entire body.' (added note: He trains himself breathing, with the desire to be able to be sensitive to the entire body). |
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Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati.
Sikkhati (Sanskrit: śikṣati - inflected form - शक् śak) is a desiderative verb that has the underlying meaning of "desiring to be able to". It is about training, with the "desire to be able to". |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to the entire body.' |
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Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[4] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.' |
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Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.' |
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Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
Note: SN 54.10 (and the redundant part of this sutta's PTS,) adds the following:
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Training to be sensitive to, and calming the feelings.
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[5] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to rapture.'
(added note: He trains himself breathing, with the desire to be able to be sensitive to rapture). |
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Pītipaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati.
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He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to rapture.' |
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Pītipaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[6] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to pleasure.' |
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Sukhapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to pleasure.' |
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Sukhapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[7] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to mental fabrication.' (added note: mental fabrications are perceptions of feelings, born of contact – see SN 47.42 & SN 41.6) |
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Cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati.
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He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to mental fabrication.' |
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Cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[8] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in calming mental fabrication.' |
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Passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out calming mental fabrication.' |
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Passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
Note: SN 54.10 (and the redundant part of this sutta's PTS,) adds the following: |
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Training to be sensitive to, satisfying, steadying & liberating the Mind
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[9] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in sensitive to the mind.'
added note: He trains himself breathing, with the desire to be able to be sensitive to the mind. |
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Cittapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out sensitive to the mind.' |
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Cittapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[10] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in satisfying the mind.' |
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Abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out satisfying the mind.' |
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Abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[11] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in steadying the mind.' |
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Samādahaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out steadying the mind.' |
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Samādahaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[12] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in releasing (liberating) the mind.' |
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Vimocayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out releasing the mind.' |
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Vimocayaṃ cittaṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
Note: SN 54.10 (and the redundant part of this sutta's PTS,) adds the following: |
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Contemplating impermanence, dispassion, & cessation of Phenomena
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[13] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in contemplating impermanence.'
(added note: He trains himself breathing, with the desire to be able to contemplate inconstancy). |
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Aniccānupassī assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out contempling impermanence.' |
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Aniccānupassī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[14] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in contemplating dispassion.' |
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Virāgānupassī assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out contemplating dispassion.' |
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Virāgānupassī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[15] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in contemplating cessation.' |
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Nirodhānupassī assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out contemplating cessation.' |
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Nirodhānupassī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
[16] He trains himself, 'I will breathe in contemplating relinquishment.' |
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Paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmīti sikkhati. |
He trains himself, 'I will breathe out contemplating relinquishment.' |
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Paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
Note: SN 54.10 (and the redundant part of the PTS of this sutta [SN 54.13],) adds the following: He who sees clearly with discernment the abandoning of greed & distress (covetouness & displeasure, [as in attraction & repulsion],) is one who oversees (thoroughly) with equanimity, which is why the monk on that occasion remains focused on phenomena in phenomena — ardent, discerning, & mindful — putting aside greed & distress with reference to the world. |
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This is how mindfulness of in-&-out breathing is developed & cultivated (pursued) so as to bring the four frames of reference to their culmination. |
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Evaṃ bhāvito kho ānanda, ānāpānasatisamādhi evaṃ bahulīkato cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti. |
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Seven factors of enlightenment |
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Satta Sambojjhaṅge |
And how, Ananda, are the four establishments of mindfulness developed and cultivated so that they fulfil the seven factors of enlightenment? |
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Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca ānanda, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā kathaṃ bahulīkatā sattasambojjhaṅge paripūrenti. |
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Enlightenment factor of |
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Sati |
Whenever, Ananda, a bhikkhu |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhu |
dwells contemplating the body in the body - on that occasion, mindfulness (recollection of the Teaching) that is remembered and geared up, exists (is) in that bhikkhu. |
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kāye kāyānupassī viharati upaṭṭhitā tassa tasmiṃ samaye sati hoti asammuṭṭhā. |
Whenever Ananda, this mindfulness is called back & geared up, mindfulness (recollection of the Teaching,) as a factor of enlightenment, is firm . |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhuno upaṭṭhitā sati hoti asammuṭṭhā, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. |
Mindfulness as a factor of enlightnment increases . |
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Satisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti.
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Mindfulness as a factor of enlightnment goes on to producing (realizing) completion (fulfilment). |
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Satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati.
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Dwelling thus in mindfulness, he discriminates the phenomena/dhamma with discernment, goes about it, and engages into investigating it . |
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So tathā sato viharanto taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicinati pavicarati parivīmaṃsamāpajjati. |
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Enlightenment factor of |
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Dhammavicaya
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Dwelling thus mindfully, he discriminates that Dhamma with discernment, examines it, makes an investigation of it.
Added note: “With the origination of the production of the mind (mind = mano) there is the origination of phenomena”. “Manasikārasamudayā dhammānaṃ samudayo”. SN 47.42 |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhu tathā sato viharanto taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicināti pavicarati parivīmaṃsamāpajjati. |
Investigation of phenomena as a factor of enlightenment, is firm . |
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Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. |
Investigation of phenomena as a factor of enlightnment increases . |
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Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti. |
Investigation of phenomena as a factor of enlightnment goes on to producing (realizing) completion (fulfilment). |
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Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. |
All this (discrimination with discernment, etc.) being firm, full of energy (persistence) and unshaken. |
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Tassa taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicanato pavicarato parivīmaṃsamāpajjato āraddhaṃ hoti viriyaṃ asallīnaṃ.
Paññaya [ger. of pajānāti] discern, distinguish. |
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Enlightenment factor of |
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Viriyaya |
While he discriminates (vicinati) the phenomena/dhamma with discernment, goes about (vicarati), and engages into investigating it (parivīmaṃsamāpajjati), there is firm and unshaken energy. |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhuno taṃ dhammaṃ paññāya pavicanato pavicarato parivīmaṃsamāpajjato āraddhaṃ hoti viriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, |
Energy as a factor of enlightenment, is firm. |
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viriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. |
Energy as a factor of enlightnment increases. |
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Viriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti. |
Energy as a factor of enlightnment goes on to producing (realizing) completion (fulfilment). |
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Viriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. |
From firm energy arises rapture, free from sensual desire. |
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Āraddhaviriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā. |
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Enlightenment factor of |
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Pīti sambojjhaṅga |
When his energy is firm, there arises in him a rapture free from sensual desire (spiritual). |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhuno āraddhaviriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā, |
Spiritual rapture as a factor of enlightenment, is firm. |
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pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. |
Spiritual rapture as a factor of enlightnment increases. |
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Pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti. |
Spiritual rapture as a factor of enlightnment goes on to producing (realizing) completion (fulfilment). |
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Pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. |
Rapture of the mind calms the body. |
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Pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati. |
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Enlightenment factor of |
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Passaddhi |
For one whose mind is uplifted by rapture the body becomes tranquil (serene) and the mind becomes tranquil. |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhuno pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati, |
Serinity as a factor of enlightenment, is firm. |
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Passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. |
Serenity as a factor of enlightnment increases. |
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Passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti. |
Serenity as a factor of enlightnment goes on to producing (realizing) completion (fulfilment). |
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Passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. |
Serenity of body and pleasure of mind brings concentration. |
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Passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. |
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Enlightenment factor of |
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Samādhi |
Serenity of body and pleasure of mind (sukhino cittaṃ) brings concentration in him. |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhuno passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati, |
Concentration as a factor of enlightenment, is firm. |
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samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. |
Concentration as a factor of enlightnment increases. |
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Samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samayo bhikkhu bhāveti. |
Concentration as a factor of enlightnment goes on to producing (realizing) completion (fulfilment). |
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Samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. |
With a well concentrated mind, there is equanimity (looking with indifference). |
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So tathā samāhitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hoti.
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Enlightenment factor of |
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Upekhā |
With a well concentrated mind, there is equanimity. |
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Yasmiṃ samaye ānanda, bhikkhu tathā samāhitaṃ cittaṃ sādhukaṃ ajjhupekkhitā hoti, |
Equanimity as a factor of enlightenment, is firm. |
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Upekhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti. |
Equanimity as a factor of enlightnment increases. |
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Upekhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti. |
Equanimity as a factor of enlightnment goes on to producing (realizing) completion (fulfilment). |
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Upekhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. |
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Similarly with the other three frames of reference
He dwells contemplating the feeling in the feeling, etc. (do it with the seven factors of enlightenment).
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This is how the four frames of reference are developed & pursued so as to bring the seven factors of enlightenment to their culmination. |
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Evaṃ bhāvitā kho ānanda, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā evaṃ bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti. |
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Liberation by final knowledge |
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Vijjāvimutti |
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How, .Ananda, are the seven factors of enlightenment developed and cultivated so that they fulfil liberation by final knowledge? |
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Kathaṃ bhāvitā ca ānanda, satta bojjhaṅgā kathaṃ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṃ paripūrenti: |
Here, Ananda, a bhikkhu develops the enlightenment factor of mindfulness, which is based upon seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, maturing in relinquishment. |
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Idhānanda, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmi. |
He develops the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena, which is based upon seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, maturing in relinquishment. |
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Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanisissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. |
He develops the enlightenment factor of Energy, which is based upon seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, maturing in relinquishment. |
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Viriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. |
He develops the enlightenment factor of Rapture, which is based upon seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, maturing in relinquishment. |
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Pītisambojjhagaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmi. |
He develops the enlightenment factor of Serenity, which is based upon seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, maturing in relinquishment. |
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Passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. |
He develops the enlightenment factor of Concentration, which is based upon seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, maturing in relinquishment. |
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Samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. |
He develops the enlightenment factor of Equanimity, which is based upon seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, maturing in relinquishment. |
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Upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. |
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It is, Ananda, when the seven factors of enlightenment are developed and cultivated in this way that they fulfil liberation by final knowledge. |
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Evaṃ bhāvitā kho ānanda, sattabojjhaṅgā evaṃ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṃ paripūrentīti. |
________
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"Suppose, .Ananda, at a crossroads there is a great mound of soil. If a cart or chariot comes from the east, west, north, or south,
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HTML source here. ________ NOTES /////////////// "I call this a certain kind of body (kāyaññatarāhaṃ), Ananda, that is, breathing in and breathing out. Therefore, dwelling in the breath (in/out - assāsa/passāsā - ānā/pāna) is dwelling (cf. viharati) in the body. ///////////////
Therefore the intellect-made ānā/pāna is (becomes) a feeling. And dwelling in, discerning (pajanati) this intellect-made feeling is dwelling in vedanā. /////////////// Here one must refer to SN 41.6 (SA 568) for the macro-approach of citta; namely: Therefore, at the macro level (paṭiccasamuppāda,) citta is about feeling and perception. And we must refer to SN 47.42 (SA 609) for its micro-approach; namely: Therefore dwelling in citta, in the case of anapanasati, is about the perception of this intellect-made feeling derived from the in & out breath(#2). It is important at this level to understand the concept of "establishing of consciousness" - https://justpaste.it/16943 Significant note: /////////////// To put it simply, dwelling in dhamma is contemplating (anupassi) the "intellect-making since the origin" - the "yoniso manasikara" of the all process. From the assāsapassāsa to the full phenomenon. ________ Ānāpānasati is the pañña (discernment) of the making of an internal phenomenon - step by step. ________ * |