What is FNAC Test?
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a quick, minimally invasive test used to examine unusual lumps, swellings, or abnormal tissue growths in the body. Doctors use this test to check whether a lump is benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and to diagnose infections or inflammatory conditions.
In this procedure, a thin, hollow needle is inserted into the affected area to extract a small sample of cells or fluid. This sample is then analyzed under a microscope to check for abnormalities. FNAC is widely used because it is safe, quick, and does not require surgery.
Why is FNAC Recommended?
Doctors suggest an FNAC test when they detect an unexplained lump or swelling that needs further evaluation. The test helps in:
- Detecting tumors in different parts of the body.
- Confirming infections such as tuberculosis.
- Examining cysts or abscesses to determine if they need treatment.
- Investigating swollen lymph nodes, which could indicate infections or cancers.
By offering fast and accurate results, FNAC plays an important role in diagnosing medical conditions early, allowing doctors to decide if additional tests, biopsies, or treatments are required.
Where is FNAC Performed?
The FNAC test is commonly performed in the following areas of the body:
- Breast: To check for lumps or possible tumors.
- Thyroid Gland: To evaluate nodules and determine if they are benign or cancerous.
- Lymph Nodes: To detect infections, lymphoma, or metastatic cancer.
- Lungs: To analyze abnormalities found in X-rays or CT scans.
- Salivary Glands: To diagnose swelling, inflammation, or tumors.
Because of its accuracy and efficiency, FNAC helps in the early detection of serious conditions, making it an essential diagnostic tool.
Why is FNAC Done?
Doctors recommend an FNAC test when they need to assess a lump, swelling, or abnormal tissue growth. The test provides a quick and safe diagnosis, making it a preferred alternative to surgical biopsies.
When is FNAC Required?
- Cancer Detection: Helps confirm malignancy in cases of suspected breast cancer, thyroid cancer, or lymphoma.
- Infection Diagnosis: Used to detect conditions like tuberculosis when a patient has swollen lymph nodes or lung infections.
- Cyst and Abscess Evaluation: Determines whether a lump is a fluid-filled cyst or an abscess that needs drainage.
- Investigating Swellings: Used to analyze lumps in the neck, underarms, or groin to rule out infections or tumors.
- Monitoring Recurring Growths: Helps detect regrowth of tumors in patients with a history of abnormal tissue growth.
Since the FNAC test provides quick and clear results, it allows doctors to decide on the next steps, including further testing, treatment, or surgery.
FNAC Test for Cancer
The FNAC test for cancer is one of the most effective ways to detect malignant (cancerous) growths in their early stages. The test helps doctors identify abnormal cells, allowing for timely medical intervention.
- It is widely used for diagnosing breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and lymphomas.
- The test results help in planning treatment strategies, including surgery or chemotherapy.
By offering fast and reliable results, an FNAC test for cancer ensures early detection and better treatment outcomes.
How is FNAC Performed?
The FNAC procedure is a simple, minimally invasive test that takes about 10 to 15 minutes. It does not require hospitalization and is often done in a clinic or diagnostic center.
Step-by-Step FNAC Process
Preparation:
- The doctor cleans the skin around the lump to prevent infection.
- In some cases, a local anesthetic may be used for added comfort.
Insertion of the Needle:
- A fine, hollow needle is gently inserted into the affected area.
- The needle is very thin, making the procedure less painful than a blood test.
Cell Collection:
- The doctor moves the needle back and forth to extract a sample of cells or fluid.
- If the lump is deep inside the body, ultrasound or CT guidance may be used for accuracy.
Sample Processing:
- The sample is placed on a glass slide, stained, and examined under a microscope.
- A pathologist analyzes the cells to detect any abnormalities.
Completion & Aftercare:
- The procedure takes about 10–15 minutes.
- Patients can resume normal activities immediately, though minor bruising may occur.
Because FNAC is quick and minimally invasive, it is often preferred over surgical biopsies for early diagnosis.
Is FNAC Test Painful?
Many people worry about discomfort, but FNAC is generally painless. The pain level is mild and temporary, similar to a routine blood test.
What Does FNAC Feel Like?
- Mild Stinging Sensation: A small pinch may be felt when the needle is inserted.
- Minimal Discomfort: Some pressure may be experienced, but it is not severe.
- No Need for Anesthesia: The needle is very thin, so anesthesia is not usually required.
Compared to a traditional biopsy, FNAC is far less painful and does not require stitches or long recovery time.
How to Prepare for an FNAC Test?
The FNAC test requires little to no special preparation. However, following these basic guidelines can help ensure accurate results.
Preparation Tips:
- Fasting is not required, except in specific cases (e.g., liver or pancreas FNAC).
- Inform your doctor about any medications, especially blood thinners, to avoid excessive bruising.
- Wear loose clothing to allow easy access to the test site.
- Avoid applying lotions or creams near the test area.
- Stay relaxed, as the procedure is quick and safe.
For those undergoing an FNAC test in Vasai or Mumbai, diagnostic centers provide clear instructions before the procedure.
FNAC Test Results & Interpretation
The FNAC test results help doctors determine the next steps for treatment or further testing.
What Do FNAC Results Mean?
- Normal FNAC Report: No abnormal cells found; lump is likely benign (non-cancerous).
- Positive FNAC Report: Cancerous or abnormal cells are present, requiring further tests.
- Negative FNAC Report: No signs of cancer or infection detected.
- Inconclusive Results: Sample may need to be retested if not enough cells were collected.
If FNAC results are unclear, doctors may recommend a repeat FNAC, biopsy, or imaging tests like CT or MRI.
FNAC Test Cost in India
The cost of an FNAC test in India varies based on location and facility:
- Delhi: ₹1,500 — ₹3,500
- Mumbai: ₹400 — ₹3,000
- Bangalore: ₹900 — ₹2,500
- Hyderabad: ₹1,100 — ₹2,800
For CT-guided FNAC, costs can start from ₹12,000 in cities like Mumbai.
Factors that affect FNAC test price include:
- Type of facility (private vs. government hospitals)
- City and location
- Guidance method (ultrasound or CT-guided procedures)
Conclusion
The FNAC test is a quick, safe, and effective diagnostic tool used for detecting lumps, tumors, infections, and other abnormalities in various parts of the body. It is widely recommended for cancer screening, infection diagnosis, and cyst evaluation due to its minimally invasive nature and fast results.
For those seeking a trusted and reliable diagnostic center, Midas Care Clinic provides accurate and high-quality FNAC testing in Mumbai and Vasai. With advanced medical technology and expert pathologists, Midas Care Clinic ensures that patients receive precise results for early detection and timely treatment.
Since FNAC requires no surgery, it remains the preferred choice for quick diagnosis. If you’re looking for an FNAC test in Mumbai or Vasai, consult Midas Care Clinic for a seamless, professional, and patient-friendly experience.