The Chipko Movement is one of India's most celebrated environmental movements, born in the forests of
Uttarakhand in the early 1970s in response to commercial logging devastating the community forests of Garhwal. Women — who depended on forests daily for firewood, fodder, and water — were the movement's most passionate participants. The name 'Chipko' (to hug) came from the dramatic tactic of embracing trees to prevent loggers from felling them. The defining moment came in April 1974 at Reni village, Chamoli, when Gaura Devi led a group of women to physically stop loggers. The movement ultimately won a moratorium on commercial felling in the Himalayan forests and became a global model for grassroots environmental activism.
• The Chipko Movement is one of India's most iconic environmental movements, born in Uttarakhand inthe 1970s.
• The movement emerged in response to large-scale commercial logging devastating the communityforests of Garhwal.
• The name 'Chipko' comes from the Hindi word meaning 'to embrace' or 'to hug' trees.
• Villagers — especially women — embraced trees to physically prevent loggers from cutting them down.
• The defining moment came in April 1974 at Reni village, Chamoli, where Gaura Devi led a group ofwomen.
• Key organisers include Sunderlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhatt, who mobilised and publicised themovement.
• The movement illustrated the critical link between mountain women and forest resources for survival.
• The Chipko Movement led to a moratorium on green tree felling in the Himalayas above 1,000 metres.
• It became a global model for grassroots environmental activism, inspiring movements across India andworldwide.
• The movement is credited with launching the modern Indian environmental movement.
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