It works by slowing heat conduction, smoothing the hair cuticle, and often contains ingredients like silicones, humectants (e.g., panthenol), amino acids (e.g., keratin), and oils to prevent breakage, frizz, and dullness. Apply evenly to damp or dry hair section by section before styling for best results, choosing a formula (light spray for fine hair, cream for thick) suited to your hair type.