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Welcome to program 447 of Shortwave Radiogram.
I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Arlington, Virginia USA.
Here is the lineup for today's program, in MFSK modes as noted:
1:44 MFSK32: Program preview (now)
2:55 MFSK32: Nations meet to plan fossil fuel exit
8:58 MFSK64: El Niño climate event likely by mid-2026
12:58 MFSK64: This week's images
28:23 MFSK32: Closing announcements
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And visit http://swradiogram.net
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From AFP via Phys.org:
Nations to kick off world-first fossil fuel exit talks
by Nick Perry and Anna Pelegri
April 28, 2026
More than 50 governments meet in Colombia on April 28 against the
backdrop of the Iran war and a global energy crunch for the first
international talks on phasing out planet-heating fossil fuels.
Ministers and climate envoys aim to revive the transition from
fossil fuels at the inaugural conference in Santa Marta, one of
the country's busiest coal hubs in a nation heavily reliant on
energy exports.
The two-day conference bypasses the United Nations climate talks
and reflects a growing impatience with its failure to tackle
fossil fuels, the main driver of global warming.
"People seem refreshed to be able to talk about these issues
without having to sort of argue the existential question of—do we
need to do this at all?" the UK's special climate envoy Rachel
Kyte told AFP in Santa Marta on Monday.
As government delegates arrived Monday, climate activists and
Indigenous groups protested against fossil fuels on the streets
and beaches of the Caribbean port town where coal tankers dot the
ocean horizon.
The conference is not expected to produce binding commitments but
a scientific panel has asked governments taking part to consider
a halt on new fossil fuel expansion, among other proposals.
On the list of attendees are major fossil fuel producers Canada,
Norway and Australia and developing oil giants Nigeria, Angola
and Brazil.
They join major energy consuming nations in the European Union,
coal-reliant emerging markets Turkey and Vietnam, and small
island nation states extremely vulnerable to climate shocks.
The world's biggest emitters of greenhouse gases—including the
United States, China and India—are not attending, nor are
oil-rich Gulf states.
"Good faith"
The conference was announced late last year but organizers say
the US-Israel attacks on Iran had bolstered the case for a fossil
fuel phaseout as nations confronted a sudden shortage of oil and
gas.
"Fossil fuels are now clearly to be seen as a source of
instability," Kyte told AFP in an interview.
Many nations "are here in good faith to really work through what
is a very complex challenge made more urgent by the crisis," she
added.
This includes developing nations highly dependent on fossil fuel
revenue like Colombia, which is co-hosting the conference with
the Netherlands.
Among other agenda items, nations will consider how to equitably
reduce fossil fuel production and consumption, and reforming
subsidies that throw up barriers to renewable energy investment.
Analysis by the International Institute for Sustainable
Development on Monday showed that governments still spent five
times more public money on fossil fuels than renewable
alternatives.
"Fossil fuel ban"
On Sunday, a scientific panel released a 12-point "menu" of
policy options that included "halting all new and expanding
fossil fuel extraction and infrastructure projects."
"Without a doubt, there is no justification whatsoever for any
new exploration of fossil fuels," the Brazilian scientist Carlos
Nobre, a former member of the UN's climate advisory panel, told
AFP in Santa Marta.
Even as record amounts of investment flows into renewable energy,
scientists warn the pace is still too slow to keep global
temperature rises to safer levels.
"Even if we carried out no new exploration, the amount of fossil
fuels—oil, coal, and natural gas—that already exists will push
temperatures up to two and a half degrees by 2050," Nobre said.
The world has already warmed about 1.4C above pre-industrial
times and is tracking to blow past 1.5C in a matter of years.
Above that threshold, scientists warn that coral reefs and
Greenland ice sheets could disappear, among other catastrophic
and irreversible impacts.
https://phys.org/news/2026-04-nations-world-fossil-fuel-exit.html
Shortwave Radiogram now changes to MFSK64 ...
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This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64
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From the World Meteorological Organization:
WMO: Likelihood increases of El Niño
24 April 2026
An El Niño event is expected to develop from mid-2026,
impacting global temperature and rainfall patterns,
according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
The latest monthly Global Seasonal Climate Update from WMO
signals a clear shift in the Equatorial Pacific: sea-surface
temperatures are rising rapidly, pointing to a likely return of
El Niño conditions as early as May–July 2026. Forecasts indicate
there is a "nearly global dominance of above-normal land surface
temperatures" in the upcoming three-month period, and regional
variations in rainfall patterns.
"After a period of neutral conditions at the start of the year,
climate models are now strongly aligned, and there is high
confidence in the onset of El Niño, followed by further
intensification in the months that follow," said Wilfran Moufouma
Okia, Chief of Climate Prediction at WMO.
"Models indicate that this may be a strong event – but the
so-called spring predictability barrier is a challenge for the
certainty of forecasts at this time of year. Forecast confidence
generally improves after April," he says.
El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of the El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO); one of the most powerful climate patterns on
Earth. These events reshape global weather, influencing rainfall,
drought, and extreme events across regions. Governments,
humanitarian organizations, water managers, and farmers depend on
accurate and timely ENSO forecasts to anticipate and respond to
risks.
El Niño is characterized by a warming of ocean surface
temperatures in the central and eastern Equatorial Pacific. It
typically occurs every two to seven years and lasts around nine
to twelve months.
WMO does not use the term "super El Niño" because it is not part
of standardized operational classifications.
Typical impacts
El Niño events affect temperature and rainfall patterns in
different regions and typically have a warming effect on the
global climate. Thus, 2024 was the hottest year on record because
of the combination of the powerful 2023-2024 El Niño and
human-induced climate change from greenhouse gases.
There is no evidence that climate change increases the frequency
or intensity of El Nino events. But it can amplify associated
impacts because a warmer ocean and atmosphere increases the
availability of energy and moisture for extreme weather events
such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall.
Each El Niño event is unique in terms of its evolution, spatial
pattern and impacts.
However, it is typically associated with increased rainfall in
parts of southern South America, the southern United States, the
Horn of Africa and central Asia, and drought over Australia,
Indonesia, and parts of southern Asia.
During the Boreal summer, El Niño's warm water can fuel
hurricanes in the central/eastern Pacific Ocean, while it hinders
hurricane formation in the Atlantic Basin.
Global seasonal climate update
WMO also issues a monthly Global Seasonal Climate Update which
takes into account ENSO and other key climate drivers, such as
the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Southern Annular Mode or the
Indian Ocean Dipole.
For the May-June-July season, land surface temperatures are
expected to be above-normal nearly everywhere. The signal is
especially strong over southern North America, Central America,
and the Caribbean, as well as Europe and Northern Africa.
Preparedness and early action
Seasonal forecasts are vital to guide preparedness actions,
especially in climate-sensitive sectors like agriculture, water
resource management, energy and health.
WMO will issue its next WMO El Niño/La Niña Update in late May,
providing more robust guidance for decision-making in the
June–August period and beyond. This is based on contributions
from WMO Global Producing Centres for Seasonal Prediction and
expert consensus, facilitated by WMO and the International
Research Institute for Climate and Society.
Regional climate outlook forums issue seasonal predictions at a
regional level – for instance the South Asian Climate Outlook
Forum will issue its forecast for the South Asian southwest
monsoon on 28 April. National Meteorological and Hydrological
Services are responsible for national updates.
Through the WMO Coordination Mechanism (WCM), co-designed and
tailored products such as the WCM Global HydroMet Weekly Scan and
the WCM Global Seasonal Climate Outlook Briefing support United
Nations and humanitarian partners in preparedness and
anticipatory action.
The WCM will present its Global Seasonal Climate Outlook Briefing
to UN and humanitarian agencies on 29 April, covering ENSO and
other climate drivers and key issues of potential concern.
https://wmo.int/media/news/wmo-likelihood-increases-of-el-nino
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This week's images ...
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Sunset from Saltcoats, Scotland. tinyurl.com/2abfsbrd ...
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A Virginia Spring Beauty, Claytonia Virginica, at the Adkins
Arboretum on the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland, April 21.
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A Blue and White Flycatcher オオルリ in Japan. tinyurl.com/2dcxaxe2
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Sunrise over the Memorial Bridge and Lincoln Memorial, April 25.
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The north side of Chicago on a moonlit night, April 19.
tinyurl.com/225e8t6j ...
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A pine warbler at Janes Island State Park on the Eastern Shore of
Maryland. tinyurl.com/25ksogpt ...
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A Prenolepis winter ant gathers honeydew from a leaf in the
forest understory at High Falls State Park, Georgia.
tinyurl.com/246tcomz ...
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A bee working a flower at the Smithsonian Gardens on the Mall in
Washington DC. tinyurl.com/25ddyu3z ...
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Our painting of the week is "Arum Lilies" (1911) by Auguste
Herbin (French, 1882-1960). tinyurl.com/26kaa7p5 ...
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