The Penna River basin is home to a rich and diverse ecosystem, with several endangered species like the Mugger Crocodile and Indian Skimmer found along its course. The river supports several species of fish, including the critically endangered Pulasa fish, which is a delicacy in the region. The Penna River estuary is a unique ecosystem that supports several species of migratory birds and marine life. The estuary is a popular destination for birdwatchers, with several species like the Flamingo, Pelican, and Spoonbill found in large numbers. The estuary is also an important fishing ground, with several traditional fishing communities relying on the river for their livelihood.