In the wireless access network, the circulator is mainly used to isolate the output signal from the input signal of the base station antenna. Circulators can be classified according to the number of ports, which can be divided into 3 ports, 4 ports and 6 ports. Among them, 3-port and 4-port are common types. The signal transmission direction of the circulator is irreversible, and the optical signal can only be guided from one port to another in one direction at a time. Although the optical signal can be redirected, it must pass through the port in a sequence along one direction , which is commonly used in passive optical networks, WDM networks and optical fiber sensing applications.
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