Neurological disorders are diagnosed through a combination of methods including:
1. Medical history: Gathering detailed information about symptoms, duration, and relevant medical background.
2. Neurological examination: Assessing reflexes, coordination, muscle strength, and sensory functions.
3. Imaging tests: Using techniques like CT scans or MRI scans to visualize the brain, spinal cord, or affected areas for abnormalities or structural changes.
4. EEG: Recording electrical brain activity to diagnose conditions such as epilepsy or sleep disorders.
5. NCS and EMG: Evaluating nerve and muscle function to diagnose peripheral neuropathy or muscular disorders.
6. Lumbar puncture: Collecting cerebrospinal fluid to analyze for conditions like meningitis or multiple sclerosis.
7. Blood tests: Measuring markers, detecting infections, assessing specific substances, or screening for genetic conditions related to neurological disorders.