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In a briefing paper published by the Coalition for the Homeless, over 48,000 people chose to take the homeless shelters as their places to stay in November 2016 when they had nowhere else to go (Routhier para. 1). The figure means that nearly 16,000 families in the New York City had no suitable places for their family members. New York City is not the only place in the world haunted by the homeless crisis. The British government estimated that there might be over 4,000 people slept on the street on any given night in the Great Britain (Crisis para. 9). Homelessness has become a structural issue and poses a great threat and challenge to the society. Homelessness can result in street crimes, the prevalence of diseases, suicide among the homeless people. It is a serious problem for the government, the communities, and the society. The complexity of the homeless crisis requires efforts of the whole society. The programs launched by the government, such as the “Housing First Initiative,” can relieve the homeless crisis in that the programs help the homeless people live a normal life and offer them opportunities to become self-dependent, regain the confidence in life, and inspire self-realization of these people while on the other hand, ease the burden of the government on social services in this aspect.
People become homeless for various reasons. Old people may be kicked out by the younger members of their families due to lack of the ability to take care of themselves and the inability to make a productive contribution to the families. The old people being kicked out are mostly from poor families. Another factor that leads to the homelessness of some people is the occurrence of mental illness. According to the report by LeeAnn Shan and Matt Sandler, two researchers from New York State Psychiatric Institute, the homeless people with serious mental illness occupy about one-third of the total homeless population in New York (50). Compared to the factors discussed earlier, substance abuse and intemperance contribute to a larger rate among the homeless people which can be as high as 50% percent (Baumohl and Huebner 837). Although the three greatest factors (old age, mental illness, substance abuse and intemperance) that seem to be individual tragedies that happen on the people who have no control of their own behaviors, make wrong choices, or surrender themselves to the hardship in life, on the macro-level, the plight of the homeless people roots in the problems of the society. For example, the homelessness of some old people reveals that there are some loopholes in the pension system of the United States, which results in the old people being unable to support themselves in old age. Solving the homelessness problem the old people and other homeless people are faced with could not depend on the efforts of the old people their own. Instead, the solution to the homelessness issue is so complicated that it requires the efforts of the whole society.
Providing homes for the chronically homeless people would be helpful to bring the homeless people back to the normal life. The Utah Government initiated the “Housing First” program in 2005 (Glionna para.9). Through the program, the homeless people are brought into the departments provided by the government and do not have to rely on the deteriorated conditions of the asylums. Chris Peak from “NationSwell” tells the story of a single mother named Crystal Spenser who became homeless when she lost the job at a gas station and found a new hope in life after she allowed in a two-bedroom apartment (para. 1-3). The program in Utah also help other homeless people and provide them the chance to live a dignified and become self-reliant persons. With places to live a stable life, the formerly homeless people are allowed new possibilities in life, such getting a job. The people who have the problems of substance abuse and intemperance can receive professional treatment. It is an effort to rehabilitate the individuals with such problems. Accordingly, the “Housing First” program is equipped with supportive staff and facilities to provide treatment to the homeless people with substance abuse or intemperance issues. The “Housing First” program is a trial and effort from the government to ease the homelessness issue in the American society. However, the program does not go without the following concerns.
Why does the money from the taxpayers have to be used on people who have difficulties disciplining the behaviors of their own? To answer this question, it is necessary to make it clear that not all the people who fall the victims of homelessness have discipline issues. Rather, homelessness should not be viewed as an issue isolated from other social problems like an economic downturn or the stoppage of supportive government policies. Once the people become homeless, they are seen as “non-productive,” “dangerous,” and “culpable” (Takahashi 300-302). It is like owning a permanent living place offering other people a moral high ground to judge the homeless people. However, just like no one wants to be haunted by poverty, no one would want to be homeless. Homelessness is both an individual and social problem. Remittance of the problem requires the efforts of the whole society, especially the government who are responsible for providing ground-level supportive facilities and safe environment to ensure that the citizens enjoy their basic human rights. Part of the taxpayers’ money is devoted to constructing and improving such facilities. Providing supports to the homeless people are included in such governmental programs.
Some people argue that providing homes for the homeless people would put more burdens on the government and the taxpayers. In fact, the program should be viewed from the actual functions it plays in supporting the homeless people. Take the New York State as an example. The initiation of the “Housing First” program changes the situation that the state has to undertake 80% of the costs incurring from the maintenance of the supportive housing facilities and stipulates that the state only takes 50% of the costs while the mayor of the New York City has to find and/or create enough units to guarantee the successful operation of the program (Shan and Sandler 55). The stipulations of the program can help to reduce the burden of the state government while the local government of the New York City can make use of the idle houses and create new jobs. It should also be noted that before the implementation of the program, the government has to spend around $ 30,000 to 50,000 for each homeless person on average resulting from emergency care (“Utah Reduced Chronic Homelessness by 91 Percent; Here’s How” para. 28). When the homeless people have been provided with a permanent place to stay, their physical conditions can improve, especially with the care from the supporting services provided in the housing, which reduces the risks of emergency cases and mitigates the potential costs in this perspective.
Another concern for providing the homeless people with homes is whether the program creates an imbalance between the homeless people and the taxpayers who work hard to pay their rents or mortgage as the homeless people only have to pay a far more lower rent than the wage-earning class. The argument blurs the boundaries between social welfare and the general social value system. The “Housing First” program is created for social welfare and provides the homeless people with the basic needs because the homeless people are temporarily unable to rely on themselves to obtain the necessities to sustain their lives. A permanent, clean, and friendly environment can help these people to restore themselves and regain the confidence for life. For the wage-earning class, working to pay the bills is part of their lives. There is a fundamental difference between the needs of the homeless people and the wage-earning class. Thus, it is pointless to compare the homeless people with the wage-earning class.
The final concern is whether providing affordable, permanent homes for the homeless people would encourage laziness, like what is said in the Daily Show with Jon Stewart, “Why do I have to work when the government pays me not to work?” (“The Homeless Homed”). According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people always seek the satisfaction of higher needs when the needs on the lower level have been satisfied (McLeod para. 1). The “Housing First” program only satisfy the needs of the homeless people for the stable living environment, and their needs are far from being satisfied. Having a permanent staying place is the first step to bring their broken lives back to normal. Many homeless people would take the chance to dramatically change their lives. For example, Alan Loveplace, who had lived a homeless life previously, is provided an apartment under the program. He would maintain his daily life and is happy to live “like a normal person” (“Utah Says It Won ‘War on Homelessness,’ But Shelters Tell a Different Story” para. 22). The homeless people do not live in the programs for free. Instead, they have to pay for a lower rent. This is also a measure to encourage the homeless people to depend on their own. Therefore, instead of being a “laziness-encouraging system, providing homes for the homeless people is an effort to bring their lives back to normal.
To conclude, homelessness is a serious issue to the society and should be addressed properly. People may become homeless due to internal or external factors, such as old age and substance abuse. Once they become homeless, they would be denied of many opportunities and have to depend on their own. The program like “housing first” aiming at providing permanent, stable staying places for the homeless people are an effort to set the lives of the homeless people back on track in that the programs can satisfy the needs of the people for the stable living environment, offer the homeless people with the chance to become self-reliant. The programs also lessen the burden of the government and improve the social environment. Overall, providing homes to the homeless people can benefit the society.