Installation of fire alarm cable is an important project that requires precision and compliance with safety standards. Below is a description of fire alarm cable installation:
1. Planning: First, you must do a detailed planning. This planning should include drawings, equipment descriptions, cabling routes, and required equipment.
2. Calculation of the number of cables: The calculation of the number of cables for installation in a project can be done according to the number of devices and their installation location. To calculate the number of cables, do the following:
1. Determining the number of devices: First, the number of devices that need cables should be determined. For example, in a fire alarm system, the devices can be alarms or smoke sensors.
2. Determining the distances: The distance between each device and the control center (or also between devices to each other if necessary) should be determined. These distances can be determined in a straight line or through different routes.
3. Determine the type of cable: You must specify the type of cable used for the project. This includes the type of cable insulation (such as PVC or LSZH) and the number of wires (such as 2-wire or 4-wire).
4. Calculation of the number of cables: To calculate the number of cables, the following relationships are used:
Number of cables = number of devices x number of distances x number of cables for each route
For example, if you have 10 smoke alarm devices and each device needs one cable and the distance between each device and the control center is 10 meters, the number of cables for this route is calculated as follows:
Number of cables = 10 devices x 10 meters x 1 cable = 100 meters of cable
Do this calculation for all routes and devices and calculate the total number of cables for your project.
Note that these calculations can change depending on the complexity of the project and the relevant standards. Also, it is always best to contact professional engineers or safety equipment consultants to ensure correct calculations and use of appropriate equipment.
3. Determining the cabling route: The cabling routes should be chosen in such a way that in case of fire, the cables are as safe as possible and access to them for maintenance is provided. You should also avoid the traffic points of the lowest firefighting and evacuation orders.
4. Installation of protections: In places where the cables cross the path (such as walls or ceilings), appropriate protections should be installed to protect the cables from physical and mechanical damage.
5. Clean installation of cables: cables must be installed carefully and with safety in mind. Connections should be done carefully and installation of cables should be done according to relevant standards.
6. Labeling: Cables should be carefully labeled so that they can be easily repaired and maintained if needed. Also, the end points of the cables (connection points to the fire alarm devices) must be determined carefully.
7. Testing and Verification: Testing and verifying the fire alarm system is very important to ensure that the system works properly and that a fire is reported in time and correctly. Testing and verification must be done accurately and regularly and follow the relevant standards and guidelines. Below is an explanation of how to test and verify a fire alarm system:
1. **Test Planning**: First, you must prepare a test plan and specify all the details of the test in it. This schedule should include the time of the test, the type of test (such as a smoke test or an alarm device test), and the number of people responsible for the test.
2. **Operational test**: In this stage, the fire alarm system is tested in a practical way. This includes testing alarms, notifications and automated actions to ensure they are working properly. Also, if the system has CCTV cameras or other similar equipment, their performance is also tested.
3. **Smoke Test**: If the system includes smoke sensors, a smoke test must be performed. For this test, you should place an artificial smoke source (such as a smoke spray) near the smoke sensor and test the system's performance in detecting smoke.
4. **Testing alarm devices**: Each alarm device (such as a smoke or heat alarm) must be tested separately to ensure its correct operation. To test smoke alarm devices, artificial smoke sources or smoke alarm testers are usually used.
5. **Siren warning test (alarm song)**: Sirens should be tested to emphasize their correct functioning in transmitting the warning to people on site.
6. **Final Evacuation Evacuation Test**: In this stage, the final evacuation is done in order to expel people from the environment, and the performance of the evacuation system is tested to ensure the quick and safe expulsion of people from the environment.
7. **RECORD OF RESULTS**: All test results must be carefully recorded. If any defect or problem is detected in the system, it should be corrected and fixed.
8. **Training of people**: All people who are involved in different situations in the event of a fire (such as rescuers) must be trained and know how to use the system.
9.Continuous Test Program**: After the initial installation and testing of the system, a continuous test program should be created to periodically test and verify the system.
Fire alarm system testing and verification is an important responsibility and should be done through regular and documented processes to ensure system performance. Tests must comply with safety and fire alarm standards and guidelines.
8. Availability of documents and maps: All documents, maps and descriptions related to the installation of cables must be carefully recorded and maintained and available to relevant people if needed.
Installation of fire alarm cables requires precision, compliance with standards and following specialized instructions in this field. Also, equipment