In general, breast cancer that is in stages or grades 1 and 2 is in the early stages. Grade 3 breast cancer, although it is not among the early stages, but there is still a chance to cure the cancer. In general, the earlier you detect درمان سرطان سینه, the higher your chances of treatment will be.
Stage 1 breast cancer treatment
The cancerous tumor or tumors at this stage are often very small and have not yet spread to the lymph nodes. However, they may have reached a very small part of the sentinel lymph nodes (the first nodes to which the cancer may spread).
Surgery is the main method for treating breast cancer in stage 1. Breast cancer at this stage is often treated with breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy). However, mastectomy or breast evacuation may be used if necessary, and to ensure that the cancer does not return. Choosing the type of surgery depends on the doctor's opinion and the patient's decision. Also, at this stage of breast cancer, the lymph nodes should be checked. Both sentinel lymph nodes and axillary lymph nodes.
In some cases, breast reconstruction surgery can be used at the same time as breast cancer removal surgery. But if you need radiation therapy after surgery, it is better to do breast reconstruction after radiation therapy.
Radiation therapy is performed after surgery to ensure that cancer cells do not remain in the body. Of course, there is no need to do radiation therapy after the operation in all situations. The need to do or not to do radiotherapy is determined by your medical staff.
In addition to surgery, if a person has breast cancer with positive hormone receptors, most doctors suggest hormone therapy as the main method of treatment. Regardless of whether the cancerous tumor is large or small. Women with lumps larger than 0.5 cm can benefit from hormone therapy.
If the cancerous mass with hormone receptor is more than 1 cm in diameter, chemotherapy can also
Stage 2 breast cancer treatment
At this stage, the cancerous masses are larger than the cancerous masses of stage 1 and have spread to a number of nearby lymph nodes.
Stage 2 breast cancer is also treated with local surgery (lumpectomy or complete breast removal surgery) and mastectomy . Also, at this stage, the sentinel and armpit lymph nodes should be checked using biopsy or sampling so that the doctor can see if there are cancer cells in them or not.
Women who undergo lumpectomy usually have to use radiation therapy after surgery. On the other hand, women who undergo mastectomy may undergo radiation therapy when the cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes.
If it is determined that you are suffering from second-stage breast cancer, and you have already experienced treatments such as chemotherapy and hormone therapy before the surgery, it is better to perform radiation therapy of the lymph nodes at the same time as the mastectomy surgery.
In addition, if you need chemotherapy after surgery, radiation therapy will be delayed until after chemotherapy.
In some cases, breast reconstruction surgery can be performed at the same time as breast evacuation surgery, but if radiation therapy is needed, it is better to wait until after radiotherapy and then do breast reconstruction .
In the second stage of breast cancer, you can also use systematic treatments. These treatments are done either before surgery or after surgery. If they are used after surgery, they are used to reduce the chance of the cancer returning, and to kill any remaining cancer cells in the body, and if they are used before surgery, they are used to shrink large tumors so that the surgeon can easily remove them. perform the action.
Among the systematic treatments of breast cancer are:
- Hormone therapy
- Targeted treatments
- Chemotherapy
Grade 1 breast cancer treatment
In general, the overall grading of breast cancer is based on the comparison of cancerous cells with normal cells. To know the grade of breast cancer , usually a collaboration between an oncologist breast cancer surgeon and a pathologist takes place. After taking a sample from the patient's breasts and sending it to pathology, this tissue sample from the tumor is examined under a microscope. The pathologist also looks at the specific characteristics of cancer cells and divides breast cancer from grade 1 to grade 3.
Breast cancer stages can be divided into two different ways:
- Clinical staging: based on all available information obtained preoperatively, including the results of physical examinations and imaging studies (such as X-rays and computed tomography or CT scans).
- Pathological stage: the same tests are used, in addition, it includes the evaluation of tumor tissue and lymph nodes removed in surgery by a pathologist.
In the report that the pathologist presents to the breast surgeon, information is included in terms of both the grading of breast cancer and the stage of breast cancer.