What is swelling (edema)?
Edema is a health condition known as swelling. The problem of swelling can also be due to some kind of injury or some kind of physical reaction, such as some kind of fluid build-up inside the body (inflammation). Inflammation can affect a small part of the body or even an entire organ. The reason for this can also be the side effects of certain medicines, pregnancy conditions, any kind of infection, and many other health problems. Some types of inflammation can occur internally or externally which can affect the skin and muscles.
Apart from this, any kind of insect bite can also cause swelling or edema. If the cause of swelling is due to a build-up of fluid in an organ inside the body, a person can gain weight rapidly within a week.
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Type of Swelling or Edema
There are several types of swelling or edema, including:
Peripheral edema
Peripheral edema usually affects the feet and ankles. But, sometimes its problem can also lie in the hands. Its problem can be due to some kind of problem in the circulatory system, lymph nodes or kidneys.
Pedal edema
Pedal edema can occur due to fluid accumulation in the legs and lower extremities. It can be more of a problem with increasing age or during pregnancy.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema can be caused by damage to your lymph nodes, tissues. Lymph nodes help filter germs and waste from the body. The main reason for this can be surgery or radiation.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema may be caused by fluid accumulation in the air sacs in the lungs. When it occurs, a person may find it difficult to breathe, his/her heartbeat may be faster than normal, may feel suffocated, cough may contain blood and foam. It can also be an emergency condition.
Cerebral edema
Cerebral edema can be a very serious condition in which fluid builds up in the brain. Cerebral edema occurs when a sharp blow to the head has caused rupture or blockage of blood vessels. Apart from this, it can also happen due to tumor.
Macular edema
Macular edema can be caused by fluid accumulation or build-up in any part of the eye. Its position can be in the center of the retina.
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What are the symptoms of swelling (edema)?
Symptoms of swelling or edema may include:
Swelling in the lower parts of the feet (especially in the summer season, may be more common in people who stand or walk for a long time.)
Release after pressing on any inflamed area with one finger for about 5 seconds. If by doing this a pit-like mark is formed at that place, which gets filled in a short time, then it can be a symptom of edema.
In addition, if your swelling is caused by some form of physical injury, illness, or insect bites that appear outside the body, you may experience symptoms that may include:
- itchy
- vomiting
- Abdominal distension
- pain in the affected area
However, if you have a problem with inflammation inside the body, you may notice the following symptoms, which may include:
- Getting nausea
- vomiting
- Dizziness
- having a fever
- feeling tired
- having insomnia
- having flu-like symptoms
- pain inside the body
- breathing problems
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What can cause swelling (edema)?
Swelling (edema) can have many causes, some of which may include some common causes and some more serious ones including:
having an allergic reaction
Consuming any kind of medicine, such as corticosteroids or foods used to treat heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, can cause an allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis. Due to this there can also be a problem of inflammation in the body.
having an autoimmune disease
Having an autoimmune disease, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma, can also cause inflammation. When our body produces antibodies or other cells that can attack or destroy tissues in the body, it can cause problems.
circulation problem
Circulation problems such as heart failure, diabetes problems, kidney problems can also affect the process of blood flow in the body. Due to which there may be a problem of inflammation in the body. Apart from this, the formation of blood clots in any part of the body can also be the cause of inflammation or eczema, which is called thrombophlebitis.
cyclic edema
Some women may also have swelling during their menstrual cycle when fluids remain in the body, which is called cyclic edema.
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pregnancy
Some women may experience mild swelling in the arms or legs during pregnancy. Which can increase more in the third trimester of pregnancy. If it is severe in some cases, it should contact your doctor for this, which is called preeclampsia.
hernia problem
Hernia is a problem of the intestine, in which the intestines start growing. In the case of a hernia, the tissues of the body begin to move out of their normal position, which can cause swelling.
In addition, other problems may be responsible for the swelling or edema, which may include:
- malnutrition
- cirrhosis
- Abdominal fluid accumulation due to liver disease
- any type of surgical procedure
- any kind of test, during which dye or other fluids are injected inside the body
- fluctuating hormone levels
- Nephrotic syndrome (kidney disease)
- thyroid disease
- Very low levels of albumin in the blood (hypoalbuminemia)
- excessive sodium in the body
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Diagnosis
How to find out about swelling (edema)?
Your doctor first monitors you for symptoms to diagnose swelling or edema. After this, you can ask some questions, such as:
Any injury that can affect you internally
Your current health status
What kind of medicines or vitamins do you take
your daily diet
your physical reaction as you do any kind of act
After knowing these questions, looking at your symptoms, your doctor may recommend the following tests to you:
- Albumin blood test
- Blood electrolyte levels
- Echocardiography
- Electrocardiogram (electrocardiogram, ECG)
- Kidney function tests
- Liver function tests
- Urinalysis
- X-ray
prevention and control
How can swelling (edema) be prevented?
In most cases, medical treatment may not be needed to treat the symptoms of swelling or edema. These can be treated only by avoiding certain types of foods and controlling the level of hormones in the body.
If the reason for the swelling in your body is due to the high amount of sodium, then you should minimize the intake of salt in your diet.
control your weight
Do not consume alcohol in excess. Drinking alcohol can increase your risk of getting cirrhosis, hepatitis, or other liver diseases.
Take any kind of medicine only after consulting your doctor.
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