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“Householder, the measureless liberation of mind, the liberation of mind by nothingness, the liberation of mind by emptiness, and the attribute-less liberation of mind: are these things different in meaning (purpose) and also different in phrasing, or are they one in their obtention and different only in their manifestation (expression)?”
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“There is a method, venerable sir, by which these things are different in their obtention and also different in their manifestation (expression), and there is a method by which they are one in meaning and different only in phrasing.
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“And what, venerable sir, is the method by which these things are different in meaning and also different in phrasing? Here a bhikkhu dwells pervading one quarter with a mind imbued with lovingkindness, likewise the second quarter, the third quarter, and the fourth quarter. Thus above, below, across, and everywhere, and to all as to himself, he dwells pervading the entire world with a mind diffused with lovingkindness, vast, exalted, measureless, without hostility, without ill will. He dwells pervading one quarter with a mind imbued with compassion … with a mind imbued with altruistic joy … with a mind imbued with equanimity, likewise the second quarter, the third quarter, and the fourth quarter. Thus above, below, across, and everywhere, and to all as to himself, he dwells pervading the entire world with a mind imbued with equanimity, vast, exalted, measureless, without hostility, without ill will. This is called the measureless liberation of mind.
Vipulena:
विपुल vipula [ vi-pula ] √ पुल् pul
- great or large or high Dhātup.
Mahaggata
lit．'grown great'
गत gata
- diffusion , extension ChUp.
Pamāṇa [of pa+mā，Vedic pramāṇa]
प्रमाण pramāṇa [act. pramā]
- standard , authority (GṛŚrS. MBh.)
- measure of any kind (KātyŚr. KaṭhUp.)
प्रमा pramā [pra - √ mā]
- to form , create , make ready , arrange (RV. MBh.)
- to measure , mete out , estimate (AV. ŚrS. MBh.)
√ मा mā - pp. (mita)
- to prepare , arrange , fashion , form , build , make (RV.)
- to measure out , apportion , grant (RV.)
- to show , display , exhibit RV.
“And what, venerable sir, is the liberation of mind by nothingness? Here, by completely transcending the base of the infinity of consciousness, aware that ‘there is nothing,’ a bhikkhu enters and dwells in the base of nothingness. This is called the liberation of mind by nothingness.
आयतन āyatana [act. āyat]
- support , seat , place , home , abode TS. ŚBr. ChUp. AitBr.
आयत् āyat [ā-yat]
- to adhere , abide RV. AV. ŚBr.
- to cause to arrive at, or reach ŚBr. AitBr.
आ ā
- near to, towards RV.
Samatikkami：[aor. of samatikkamati]
- passed over； transcended．
Samatikkamati，[saṁ+atikkamati]
- to cross over - to transcend
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“And what, venerable sir, is the liberation of mind by emptiness? Here a bhikkhu, gone to the forest or to the foot of a tree or to an empty hut, reflects thus: ‘Empty is this of self or of what belongs to self.’ This is called the liberation of mind by emptiness.
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“And what, venerable sir, is the attribute-less liberation of mind? Here, with nonattention to all attributes, a bhikkhu enters and dwells in the attribute-less concentration of mind. This is called the attribute-less liberation of mind.
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“This, venerable sir, is the method by which these things are different in their obtention and also different in their manifestation (expression).
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Nānā+attha
नाना nānā:
- differently , variously , distinctly , separately.
- various , different , distinct from. RV.
Attha > Sk. Artha
अर्थ artha [ṛ-tha]
- aim , purpose.
√ ऋ ṛ
- to go towards , reach , obtain RV. AV. ŚBr. ChUp. MBh.
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.And what, venerable sir, is the method by which these things are one in their obtention and different only in their manifestation (expression)?
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“Lust, venerable sir, is a maker of measurement, hatred is a maker of measurement, delusion is a maker of measurement. For a bhikkhu whose taints are destroyed, these have been abandoned, cut off at the root, made like palm stumps, obliterated so that they are no more subject to future arising. To whatever extent there are measureless liberations of mind, the unshakable liberation of mind (√ कुप् kup - move , shake , agitate - RV. ) is declared the chief among them. Now that unshakable liberation of mind is empty of lust, empty of hatred, empty of delusion.
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“Lust, venerable sir, is a something, hatred is a something, delusion is a something. For a bhikkhu whose taints are destroyed, these have been abandoned, cut off at the root, made like palm stumps, obliterated so that they are no more subject to future arising. To whatever extent there are liberations of mind by nothingness, the unshakable liberation of mind is declared the chief among them. Now that unshakable liberation of mind is empty of lust, empty of hatred, empty of delusion.
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“Lust, venerable sir, is a maker of attributes, hatred is a maker of attributes, delusion is a maker of attributes. For a bhikkhu whose taints are destroyed, these have been abandoned, cut off at the root, made like palm stumps, obliterated so that they are no more subject to future arising. To whatever extent there are attributeless liberations of mind, the unshakable liberation of mind is declared the chief among them. Now that unshakable liberation of mind is empty of lust, empty of hatred, empty of delusion.
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“This, venerable sir, is the method by which these things are one in their obtention and different only in their “manifestation” (expression).”
“It is a gain for you, householder, it is well gained by you, householder, in that you have the eye of discernment that ranges over the deep Word of the Buddha.”
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“yā cāyaṃ, gahapati, appamāṇā cetovimutti, yā ca ākiñcaññā cetovimutti, yā ca suññatā cetovimutti, yā ca animittā cetovimutti, ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānan”ti?
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“Atthi, bhante, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca. Atthi pana, bhante, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma ime dhammā ekatthā byañjanameva nānan”ti.
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Katamo ca, bhante, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca? Idha, bhante, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā … pe … muditāsahagatena cetasā … pe … upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhante, appamāṇā cetovimutti.
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Vera [cp．Sk．vaira，der．fr．vīra]
- hatred，hostile action.
वैर vaira
- hostile , inimical , revengeful AV.
Byāpajjha [fr．vy-ā-pad]
- malevolence.
- Vy°，is the semi-vowel - ā = towards
√ पद् pad
- to cause to fall AV. AitBr. Br.
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Katamā ca, bhante, ākiñcaññā cetovimutti? Idha, bhante, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma, ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhante, ākiñcaññā cetovimutti.
√ यत् yat [linked to yam]
- to seek to join one's self with , tend towards RV.
- join , connect RV.
- to join, associate with , unite RV.
√ यम् yam
- to sustain , hold , hold up , support RV. Br. ChUp.
- to stretch out , expand , spread RV.
- to fix , establish RV.
Atikkamati，[ati + kamati]
kamati [kram]
√ क्रम् kram - go , go towards RV. AV. TS. - to go across , over MBh.
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Katamā ca, bhante, suññatā cetovimutti? Idha, bhante, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati: ‘suññamidaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhante, suññatā cetovimutti.
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Katamā ca, bhante, animittā cetovimutti? Idha, bhante, bhikkhu sabbanimittānaṃ amanasikārā animittaṃ cetosamādhiṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhante, animittā cetovimutti.
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Ayaṃ kho, bhante, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca.
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Nānā + byañjanā [Sk．vyañjana]
व्यञ्जन vyañjana [act. vyañj]
- decoration , ornament RV.
- a mark , badge , spot , sign , token ĀpŚr.
- allusion , suggestion ĀśvŚr.
व्यञ्ज् vyañj [vi-añj]
- to be manifested or expressed RV.
- to decorate , adorn , beautify RV.
- to cause to appear , manifest , display RV. MBh.
√ अञ्ज् añj
- to cause to appear, make clear. (RV.)
- to apply a pigment, anoint; to decorate, prepare (RV.)
- to honour, celebrate; (RV.)
Katamo ca, bhante, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma ime dhammā ekatthā byañjanameva nānaṃ?
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Rāgo, bhante, pamāṇakaraṇo, doso pamāṇakaraṇo, moho pamāṇakaraṇo. Te khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Yāvatā kho, bhante, appamāṇā cetovimuttiyo, akuppā tāsaṃ cetovimutti aggamakkhāyati. Sā kho pana akuppā cetovimutti suññā rāgena, suññā dosena, suññā mohena.
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Rāgo kho, bhante, kiñcanaṃ, doso kiñcanaṃ, moho kiñcanaṃ. Te khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Yāvatā kho, bhante, ākiñcaññā cetovimuttiyo, akuppā tāsaṃ cetovimutti aggamakkhāyati. Sā kho pana akuppā cetovimutti suññā rāgena, suññā dosena, suññā mohena.
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Rāgo kho, bhante, nimittakaraṇo, doso nimittakaraṇo, moho nimittakaraṇo. Te khīṇāsavassa bhikkhuno pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Yāvatā kho, bhante, animittā cetovimuttiyo, akuppā tāsaṃ cetovimutti aggamakkhāyati. Sā kho pana akuppā cetovimutti suññā rāgena, suññā dosena, suññā mohena.
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Ayaṃ kho, bhante, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma ime dhammā ekatthā byañjanameva nānan”ti. “
Lābhā te, gahapati, suladdhaṃ te, gahapati. Yassa te gambhīre buddhavacane paññācakkhu kamatī”ti.
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