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MIND
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“Ordinary” states of mind |
“Higher” states of mind |
lustful (sarāga) |
great (mahaggata) |
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- Contracted (sankhitta) > inward “contraction” being the result of sloth-and-torpor.
- Distracted (vikkhitta) > external “distraction” the outcome of pursuing sensual pleasures.(vikkhitta) > external “distraction” the outcome of pursuing sensual pleasures.
The ability to balance the mind, by avoiding both contraction and distraction, is an important skill to reach.
- “Great” (mahaggata) > context of calmness meditation - for instance when describing the meditative practice of radiating the four divine abodes (brahmavihāra) in all directions.
Similarly, in the Anuruddha Sutta“ (MN 127 [not a Buddha's sutta]) great” represents the ability to pervade a broad area with one’s meditation object.
- “Unsurpassable” (anuttara) > a particular level of absorption to be left behind in order to proceed to a higher level of absorption.
This finds support in the Sekha Sutta, which refers to the fourth absorption as a state of “unsurpassable” equanimity and mindfulness (he enters & remains in the fourth jhana: purity of equanimity & mindfulnesss). MN 53.
On the other hand, in the discourses the qualification “unsurpassable” frequently occurs in relation to full awakening. MN 26; MN 44; MN 102; SN 4.4; SN 4.25; AN 3.60 .
- “Concentrated” (samāhita) > self-explanatory. MN 22; SN 22.46; SN 22.51
- “Liberated” (vimutta) > frequently occurs in the discourses in relation to full awakening. MN 22; SN 22.46; SN 22.51 & DN 2
At times the expression “liberated” is combined with “unsurpassable” as references to full awakening, cf. e.g. MN 35; SN 4.4; or AN 7.67 and AN 10.20.
Elsewhere in the discourses the qualification of being “liberated” occurs also in relation to the development of concentration, as “freedom of the mind” (cetovimutti). MN 43; AN 5.23~
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