JustPaste.it

A Profile of 5 Christian Denominations that Accept Evolution

This paper provides a profile “in their own words” of some of the larger Christian denominations that accept evolution.  It is not comprehensive, and focuses on U.S. branches for denominations where there is not a central authority to consult.

 

Anglican Church

Includes the U.S. Episcopal Church, the Church of England, and others.  The Anglican Church has 80 million members worldwide.

 

The Archbishop of Canterbury (head of the Anglican Church) on the controversy:

I think creationism is, in a sense, a kind of category mistake, as if the Bible were a theory like other theories. Whatever the biblical account of creation is, it's not a theory alongside theories.

 

Answering the question on “should it be taught”:

I don't think it should, actually. No, no. And that's different from saying - different from discussing, teaching about what creation means. For that matter, it's not even the same as saying that Darwinism is - is the only thing that ought to be taught. My worry is creationism can end up reducing the doctrine of creation rather than enhancing it.

 

In 2008, the church issued this statement:

Charles Darwin: 200 years from your birth, the Church of England owes you an apology for misunderstanding you and, by getting our first reaction wrong, encouraging others to misunderstand you still. We try to practice the old virtues of 'faith seeking understanding' and hope that makes some amends.

 

Additionally, the U.S. Episcopal Church stated in 2006:

That the theory of evolution provides a fruitful and unifying scientific explanation for the emergence of life on earth, that many theological interpretations of origins can readily embrace an evolutionary outlook, and that an acceptance of evolution is entirely compatible with an authentic and living Christian faith. 

 

Presbyterian Church

Although there are many others, the Presbyterian Church USA is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the U.S.  They have about 2 million members.  In 1969, they issued the statement:

We conclude that the true relation between the evolutionary theory and the Bible is that of non-contradiction and that the position stated by the General Assemblies of 1886, 1888, 1889 and 1924 was in error and no longer represents the mind of our Church.

 

Although they try to stay out of the issue if they can help it:

Unless it is clearly necessary to uphold a basic Biblical doctrine, the Church is not called upon and should carefully refrain from either affirming or denying the theory of evolution.

 

Catholic Church

Over 1 billion members worldwide, 68.5 million members in the U.S. 

 

In October 1996, Pope John Paul II wrote:

Today, more than a half-century after the appearance of that encyclical, some new findings lead us toward the recognition of evolution as more than a hypothesis.  In fact it is remarkable that this theory has had progressively greater influence on the spirit of researchers, following a series of discoveries in different scholarly disciplines. The convergence in the results of these independent studies—which was neither planned nor sought—constitutes in itself a significant argument in favor of the theory.

 

In 2004, the Catholic Church under Pope Benedict XVI officially published:

Since it has been demonstrated that all living organisms on earth are genetically related, it is virtually certain that all living organisms have descended from this first organism. Converging evidence from many studies in the physical and biological sciences furnishes mounting support for some theory of evolution to account for the development and diversification of life on earth, while controversy continues over the pace and mechanisms of evolution.   While the story of human origins is complex and subject to revision, physical anthropology and molecular biology combine to make a convincing case for the origin of the human species in Africa about 150,000 years ago in a humanoid population of common genetic lineage. However it is to be explained, the decisive factor in human origins was a continually increasing brain size, culminating in that of homo sapiens.

 

In the United States and all other countries, Catholic schools teach the same evolution curriculum as secular schools.

 

United MethodistChurch

Although there are other Methodist denominations, this is the largest at about 11-12 million members.  It is the second largest of all denominations in the U.S.  Their official website states:

We find that science’s descriptions of cosmological, geological, and biological evolution are not in conflict with theology.

 

They support the teaching of evolution and appose the teaching of creationism and intelligent design.  In a statement they released in 2008, they wrote:

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the General Conference of the United Methodist Church go on record as opposing the introduction of any faith-based theories such as Creationism or Intelligent Design into the science curriculum of our public schools.

 

Lutheran Church

At 4.5 million baptized members, the EvangelicalLutheranChurch in America is by far the largest Lutheran denomination in the U.S.  An excerpt from an article in the What-We-Believe section of their website reads:

As I noted earlier, we don't yet have a good explanation of how the first living systems came into being, but they did. And from that point on, life has developed by a process of evolution, "descent with modification." The distribution of fossils in geological strata, and the geographical distributions of fossils and living organisms, as well as the anatomical and biochemical relationships between different species, provides abundant support for the belief that evolution has been taking place over the past three and a half billion years.

 

Sources

This article from PewForum.org gave me a good overview of how various denominations approach evolution and spring-boarded my search into greater details:

http://www.pewforum.org/Science-and-Bioethics/Religious-Groups-Views-on-Evolution.aspx

 

  1. Interview with the Archbishop of Canterbury in The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/mar/21/religion.uk, March 21, 2006
  2. Charles Darwin to receive apology from the Church of England for rejecting evolution, 2008, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/2910447/Charles-Darwin-to-receive-apology-from-the-Church-of-England-for-rejecting-evolution.html
  3. Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences: On Evolution, 1996, http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP961022.HTM
  4. Human Persons Created in the Image of God, 2004, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/cti_documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20040723_communion-stewardship_en.html
  5. Science and Technology, UnitedMethodistChurch, 2008, http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=3082929&ct=6715227
  6. Evolution and Intelligent Design, UnitedMethodistChurch, 2008, http://calms.umc.org/2008/Menu.aspx?type=Petition&mode=Single&number=839
  7. Evolution Statement, Presbyterian Church USA, 1969, http://gamc.pcusa.org/ministries/theologyandworship/evolution/
  8. Affirm Evolution and Science Education, Archives of the Episcopal Church, 2006,  http://www.episcopalarchives.org/cgi-bin/acts/acts_resolution.pl?resolution=2006-A129
  9. Evolution—Cosmic and Biological, EvangelicalLutheranChurch in America, 2011, http://www.elca.org/What-We-Believe/Social-Issues/Faith-Science-and-Technology/Covalence/Features/Evolution-Cosmic-and-Biological.aspx
  10. Religions Differences on the Question of Evolution, Pew Research, 2009 http://www.pewforum.org/Science-and-Bioethics/Religious-Differences-on-the-Question-of-Evolution.aspx
  11. Views on Evolution in Various Countries, 2008, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Views_on_Evolution.svg
  12. Gallop Poll on Evolution and Creation, 2010, http://www.gallup.com/poll/145286/Four-Americans-Believe-Strict-Creationism.aspx